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Bacteria, yeast, fungi and microalgae can act as producers (or catalysts for the production) of food ingredients, enzymes and nutraceuticals. With the current trend towards the use of natural ingredients in foods, there is renewed interest in microbial flavours and colours, food bioprocessing using enzymes and food biopreservation using bacteriocins. Microbial production of substances such as organic acids and hydrocolloids also remains an important and fast-changing area of research. Microbial production of food ingredients, enzymes and nutraceuticals provides a comprehensive overview of microbial production of food ingredients, enzymes and nutraceuticals.

Part one reviews developments in the metabolic engineering of industrial microorganisms and advances in fermentation technology in the production of fungi, yeasts, enzymes and nutraceuticals. Part two discusses the production and application in food processing of substances such as carotenoids, flavonoids and terponoids, enzymes, probiotics and prebiotics, bacteriocins, microbial polysaccharides, polyols and polyunsaturated fatty acids.

Microbial production of food ingredients, enzymes and nutraceuticals is an invaluable guide for professionals in the fermentation industry as well as researchers and practitioners in the areas of biotechnology, microbiology, chemical engineering and food processing.

• Provides a comprehensive overview of microbial flavours and colours, food bioprocessing using enzymes and food biopreservation using bacteriocins
• Begins with a review of key areas of systems biology and metabolic engineering, including methods and developments for filamentous fungi
• Analyses the use of microorganisms for the production of natural molecules for use in foods, including microbial production of food flavours and carotenoids

Microencapsulation and Microspheres for Food Applications is a solid reflection on the latest developments, challenges, and opportunities in this highly expanding field. This reference examines the various types of microspheres and microcapsules essential to those who need to develop stable and impermeable products at high acidic conditions. It’s also important for the novel design of slow releasing active compound capsules.

Each chapter provides an in-depth account of controlled release technologies, evidence based abstracts, descriptions of chemical and physical principals, and key relevant facts relating to food applications. Written in an accessible manner, the book is a must have resource for scientists, researchers, and engineers.

• Discusses the most current encapsulation technology applied in the food industry, including radiography, computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, and dynamic NMR microscopy
• Presents the use of microsphere immunoassay for mycotoxins detection
• Covers a broad range of applications of microcapsules and microspheres, including food shelf-life, pesticides for crop protection, and nanoencapsulated bacteriophage for food safety

Microencapsulation is being used to deliver everything from improved nutrition to unique consumer sensory experiences. It’s rapidly becoming one of the most important opportunities for expanding brand potential. Microencapsulation in the Food Industry: A Practical Implementation Guide is written for those who see the potential benefit of using microencapsulation but need practical insight into using the technology. With coverage of the process technologies, materials, testing, regulatory and even economic insights, this book presents the key considerations for putting microencapsulation to work. Application examples as well as online access to published and issued patents provide information on freedom to operate, building an intellectual property portfolio, and leveraging ability into potential in licensing patents to create produce pipeline. This book bridges the gap between fundamental research and application by combining the knowledge of new and novel processing techniques, materials and selection, regulatory concerns, testing and evaluation of materials, and application-specific uses of microencapsulation.

• Practical applications based on the authors’ more than 50 years combined industry experience
• Focuses on application, rather than theory
• Includes the latest in processes and methodologies
• Provides multiple "starting point" options to jump-start encapsulation use

This book is based on the authors’ research and microgrid projects since 2009, and is the most up-to-date resource on the development of microgrid technologies. In addition to basic facility and network design concepts, it covers related subjects including power supply programming and energy optimization, which means it can serve as a single volume reference to the complete microgrid system implementation.

• Provides a systematic introduction to the basic concepts, key technologies, and practical design methods of microgrids
• Covers the theoretical design and implementation of microgrid facilities, including practical operational issues, monitoring and control. The balance of theoretical and applied content will be of real value to engineers who are specifying and design systems in regions with limited experience of microgrid systems
• Includes real-life examples and projects to help implement the content effectively

Micro-machining is an advanced manufacturing technique of growing importance, and adoption of micro-machining using electrochemical discharges (Micro-ECDM) has increased steadily in recent years. Among new developments is the interest of industry in Micro-ECDM. However, the potential of the technology is not being fully utilized and there is no comprehensive reference book available today covering it. Micromachining Using Electrochemical Discharge Phenomenon, Second Edition fills this gap. It is unique in its detailed coverage of all aspects of the Micro-ECDM process, as well as Spark Assisted Chemical Engraving (SACE). As such, it covers technologies such as chemical etching, micro-drilling, and other material removal mechanisms, high aspect ratio machining, design and construction of the machining apparatus, and a wide range of applications. The new edition compares Micro-ECDM and SACE with other micromachining technologies such as laser machining and traditional EDM. ECDM is used for machining of electrically non-conductive materials. Micro-ECDM/SACE is mainly applied to glass and the book focuses on glass, but the authors also present new results on other materials such as ceramics. In addition, techniques to modify material properties for the machining process are explained. The authors discuss machining strategies including the latest developments in micro-texturing of glass micro-channels and reports on developments in controlling and analysis aspects of machining. This book is a unique reference for engineers and industrial researchers involved in development, design and use of micromachining, chemical micro-drilling or chemical engraving techniques and equipment.

• Only all-encompassing reference coving Micro-ECDM and SACE available on the market
• Covers a wide range of applications, including applications in the MEMS industry and the Medical Devices and Medical Diagnostics industries
• New edition includes expanded sections on comparing Micro-ECDM/SACE with other micromachining technologies

Micromanufacturing Engineering and Technology, Second Edition, covers the major topics of micro-manufacturing. The book not only covers theory and manufacturing processes, but it uniquely focuses on a broader range of practical aspects of micro-manufacturing engineering and utilization by also covering materials, tools and equipment, manufacturing system issues, control aspects and case studies. By explaining material selection, design considerations and economic aspects, the book empowers engineers in choosing among competing technologies. With a focus on low-cost and high-volume micro-manufacturing processes, the updated title covers technologies such as micro-mechanical-cutting, laser-machining, micro-forming, micro-EDM, micro-ECM, hot-embossing, micro-injection molding, laser micro-sintering, thin film fabrication, inkjet technology, micro-joining, multiple processes machines, and more. Edited by one of the few world-experts in this relatively new, but rapidly-expanding area and presenting chapters written by a 40-strong team of leading industry specialists, this book is an invaluable source of information for engineers, R&D researchers and academics.

• Covers key micro-manufacturing technologies, processes and equipment with high-volume production capabilities, enabling large companies as well as SMEs to introduce those technologies in production and business and reduce production costs
• Outlines micro-manufacturing system engineering and practical issues pertaining to material, design, handling, metrology, inspection, testing, sensors, control, system integration and software, and micro-factories
• Enables manufacturing practitioners to choose the right technology suitable for a particular product-manufacture

In this book the authors focus on the description of the physical nature of cleavage fracture to offer scientists, engineers and students a comprehensive physical model which vividly describes the cleavage microcracking processes operating on the local (microscopic) scale ahead of a defect. The descriptions of the critical event and the criteria for cleavage fracture will instruct readers in how to control the cleavage processes and optimize microstructure to improve fracture toughness of metallic materials.

• Physical (mechanical) processes of cleavage fracture operating on the local (microscopic) scale, with the focus on the crack nucleation and crack propagation across the particle/grain and grain/grain boundaries
• Critical event, i.e., the stage of greatest difficulty in forming the microcrack, which controls the cleavage fracture
• Criteria triggering the cleavage microcracking with incorporation of the actions of macroscopic loading environment into the physical model
• Effects of microstructure on the cleavage fracture, including the effects of grain size, second phase particles and boundary
• Comprehensive description of the brittle fracture emerging in TiAl alloys and TiNi memory alloys