Catálogo de publicaciones - revistas

<jats:p>Growth hormone orchestrates a complex, sex-dependent balancing act</jats:p>

<jats:p>Bioacoustics can aid in understanding and conserving species and ecosystems</jats:p>

<jats:p>Cutting greenhouse emissions will require less brain and more (collective) brawn</jats:p>

<jats:p> Highlights from the <jats:italic>Science</jats:italic> family of journals </jats:p>

<jats:p>The predominant mutation causing cystic fibrosis, a deletion of phenylalanine 508 (Δ508) in the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR), leads to severe defects in CFTR biogenesis and function. The advanced therapy Trikafta combines the folding corrector tezacaftor (VX-661), the channel potentiator ivacaftor (VX-770), and the dual-function modulator elexacaftor (VX-445). However, it is unclear how elexacaftor exerts its effects, in part because the structure of Δ508 CFTR is unknown. Here, we present cryo–electron microscopy structures of Δ508 CFTR in the absence and presence of CFTR modulators. When used alone, elexacaftor partially rectified interdomain assembly defects in Δ508 CFTR, but when combined with a type I corrector, did so fully. These data illustrate how the different modulators in Trikafta synergistically rescue Δ508 CFTR structure and function.</jats:p>

<jats:p>Adaptations to infectious and dietary pressures shape mammalian physiology and disease risk. How such adaptations affect sex-biased diseases remains insufficiently studied. In this study, we show that sex-dependent hepatic gene programs confer a robust (~300%) survival advantage for male mice during lethal bacterial infection. The transcription factor B cell lymphoma 6 (BCL6), which masculinizes hepatic gene expression at puberty, is essential for this advantage. However, protection by BCL6 protein comes at a cost during conditions of dietary excess, which result in overt fatty liver and glucose intolerance in males. Deleting hepatic BCL6 reverses these phenotypes but markedly lowers male survival during infection, thus establishing a sex-dependent trade-off between host defense and metabolic systems. Our findings offer strong evidence that some current sex-biased diseases are rooted in ancient evolutionary trade-offs between immunity and metabolism.</jats:p>

<jats:p> Butterfly wing patterns derive from a deeply conserved developmental ground plan yet are diverse and evolve rapidly. It is poorly understood how gene regulatory architectures can accommodate both deep homology and adaptive change. To address this, we characterized the cis-regulatory evolution of the color pattern gene <jats:italic>WntA</jats:italic> in nymphalid butterflies. Comparative assay for transposase-accessible chromatin using sequencing (ATAC-seq) and in vivo deletions spanning 46 cis-regulatory elements across five species revealed deep homology of ground plan–determining sequences, except in monarch butterflies. Furthermore, noncoding deletions displayed both positive and negative regulatory effects that were often broad in nature. Our results provide little support for models predicting rapid enhancer turnover and suggest that deeply ancestral, multifunctional noncoding elements can underlie rapidly evolving trait systems. </jats:p>

<jats:p>High-performance pervaporation membranes have potential in industrial separation applications, but overcoming the permeability-selectivity trade-off is a challenge. We report a strategy to create highly flexible metal-organic framework nanosheet (MOF-NS) membranes with a faveolate structure on polymer substrates for alcohol-water separation. The controlled growth followed by a surface-coating method effectively produced flexible and defect-free superhydrophobic MOF-NS membranes. The reversible deformation of the flexible MOF-NS and the vertical interlamellar pathways were captured with electron microscopy. Molecular simulations confirmed the structure and revealed transport mechanism. The ultrafast transport channels in MOF-NS exhibited an ultrahigh flux and a separation factor of 8.9 in the pervaporation of 5 weight % ethanol-water at 40°C, which can be used for biofuel recovery. MOF-NS and polydimethylsiloxane synergistically contribute to the separation performance.</jats:p>

<jats:p> Previous research has cast doubt on the potential for marine protected areas (MPAs) to provide refuge and fishery spillover benefits for migratory species as most MPAs are small relative to the geographic range of these species. We test for evidence of spillover benefits accruing from the world’s largest fully protected MPA, Papahānaumokuākea Marine National Monument. Using species-specific data collected by independent fishery observers, we examine changes in catch rates for individual vessels near to and far from the MPA before and after its expansion in 2016. We find evidence of spillover benefits for yellowfin ( <jats:italic>Thunnus albacares</jats:italic> ) and bigeye tuna ( <jats:italic>Thunnus obesus</jats:italic> ). </jats:p>