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<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title> <jats:p>In recent years, the study of quantum effects near the event horizon of a black hole (BH) has attracted extensive attention. It has become one of the important methods to explore BH quantum properties using the related properties of a quantum deformed BH. In this work, we study the effect of a quantum deformed BH on the BH shadow in two-dimensional Dilaton gravity. In this model, quantum effects are reflected by the quantum correction parameter <jats:italic>m</jats:italic>. By calculation, we find that: (1) the shape of the shadow boundary of a rotating BH is determined by the BH spin <jats:italic>a</jats:italic>, the quantum correction parameter <jats:italic>m</jats:italic>, and the BH type parameter <jats:italic>n</jats:italic>; (2) when the spin <jats:inline-formula> <jats:tex-math><?CDATA $ a=0 $?></jats:tex-math> <jats:inline-graphic xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="cpc_46_8_085101_M1.jpg" xlink:type="simple" /> </jats:inline-formula>, the shape of the BH shadow is a perfect circle; when <jats:inline-formula> <jats:tex-math><?CDATA $ a\neq 0 $?></jats:tex-math> <jats:inline-graphic xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="cpc_46_8_085101_M2.jpg" xlink:type="simple" /> </jats:inline-formula>, the shape is distorted; if the quantum correction parameter <jats:inline-formula> <jats:tex-math><?CDATA $ m=0 $?></jats:tex-math> <jats:inline-graphic xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="cpc_46_8_085101_M3.jpg" xlink:type="simple" /> </jats:inline-formula>, their shapes reduce to the cases of a Schwarzschild BH and Kerr BH, respectively; (3) the degree of distortion of the BH shadow is different for various quantum correction parameters <jats:italic>m</jats:italic>; with an increase in the parameter <jats:italic>m</jats:italic>, the boundary of the BH shadow expands; (4) the size of the BH shadow varies greatly with respect to various quantum deformed BHs (<jats:italic>n</jats:italic>), and the change in BH shadow shape caused by parameter <jats:italic>n</jats:italic> is similar to that caused by parameter <jats:italic>m</jats:italic>, which indicates that there is a "degenerate phenomenon" between the two parameters. Because the value of <jats:italic>m</jats:italic> in actual physics should be very small, the current observations of the event horizon telescope (EHT) cannot distinguish quantum effects from the BH shadow. In future BH shadow measurements, it will be possible to distinguish quantum deformed BHs, which will help to better understand the quantum effects of BHs. </jats:p>

<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title> <jats:p>In order to clearly understand the gravitational theory through the thermal properties of the black hole, it is important to further investigate the first-order phase transition of black holes. In this paper, we adopt different conjugate variables ( <jats:inline-formula> <jats:tex-math><?CDATA $ P\sim V $?></jats:tex-math> <jats:inline-graphic xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="cpc_46_8_085102_M1.jpg" xlink:type="simple" /> </jats:inline-formula>, <jats:inline-formula> <jats:tex-math><?CDATA $ T\sim S $?></jats:tex-math> <jats:inline-graphic xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="cpc_46_8_085102_M2.jpg" xlink:type="simple" /> </jats:inline-formula>, <jats:inline-formula> <jats:tex-math><?CDATA $ C_1\sim c_1 $?></jats:tex-math> <jats:inline-graphic xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="cpc_46_8_085102_M3.jpg" xlink:type="simple" /> </jats:inline-formula>, and <jats:inline-formula> <jats:tex-math><?CDATA $ C_2\sim c_2 $?></jats:tex-math> <jats:inline-graphic xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="cpc_46_8_085102_M4.jpg" xlink:type="simple" /> </jats:inline-formula>) and apply Maxwell's equal-area law to study the phase equilibrium of a topological black hole in massive gravity. The condition and latent heat of phase transition are displayed as well as the coexistent curve of <jats:inline-formula> <jats:tex-math><?CDATA $ P-T $?></jats:tex-math> <jats:inline-graphic xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="cpc_46_8_085102_M5.jpg" xlink:type="simple" /> </jats:inline-formula>. The result shows that the phase transition of this system is the high/low electric potentials one, not only the large/small black holes one. We also analyze the effect of the model's parameters on phase transition. Furthermore we introduce a new order parameter to probe the microstructure of this system. This work will provide the theoretical basis to study the phase structure of topological black holes in massive gravity and to further explore the gravitational theory. </jats:p>

<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title> <jats:p>Dark matter (DM) direct detection experiments have been setting strong limits on the DM–nucleon scattering cross section at the DM mass above a few GeV, but leave large parameter spaces unexplored in the low mass region. DM is likely to be scattered and boosted by relativistic cosmic rays in the expanding universe if it can generate nuclear recoils in direct detection experiments to offer observable signals. Since low energy threshold detectors using Germanium have provided good constraints on ordinary halo GeV-scale DM, it is necessary to re-analyze 102.8 kg <jats:inline-formula> <jats:tex-math><?CDATA $ \times $?></jats:tex-math> <jats:inline-graphic xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="cpc_46_8_085103_M1.jpg" xlink:type="simple" /> </jats:inline-formula>day data in the CDEX-10 experiment assuming that DM is boosted by cosmic rays. For the DM mass range 1 keV <jats:inline-formula> <jats:tex-math><?CDATA $ &lt;m_\chi &lt; $?></jats:tex-math> <jats:inline-graphic xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="cpc_46_8_085103_M2.jpg" xlink:type="simple" /> </jats:inline-formula> 1 MeV and the effective distance within 1 kpc, we reach an almost flat floor limit at <jats:inline-formula> <jats:tex-math><?CDATA $ 8.32\times10^{-30} $?></jats:tex-math> <jats:inline-graphic xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="cpc_46_8_085103_M3.jpg" xlink:type="simple" /> </jats:inline-formula> cm<jats:sup>2</jats:sup> for the spin-independent DM–nucleon scattering cross section, at a 90% confidence level. The CDEX-10 result is able to close the gap unambiguously in the parameter space between the MiniBooNE and XENON1T constraints, which were partially hindered by the Earth attenuation effect. We also quantitatively calculate the expected neutrino floor on searching for CRBDM in future direct detection experiments using Germanium. </jats:p>

<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title> <jats:p>In this paper, we show using several examples that the bulk geometry of asymptotically AdS <jats:inline-formula> <jats:tex-math><?CDATA $ _3 $?></jats:tex-math> <jats:inline-graphic xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="cpc_46_8_085104_M1.jpg" xlink:type="simple" /> </jats:inline-formula>spacetimes can be effectively reconstructed using an intuitive and visual method called the surface growth scheme. This new approach for bulk reconstruction was originally proposed in a recent paper, along with its explicit realization using the one-shot entanglement distillation tensor network and the surface/state correspondence. In this paper, we directly analyze the growth of the bulk minimal surfaces to implement this scheme. Our study provides further support for the surface growth approach in entanglement wedge reconstruction. </jats:p>

<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title> <jats:p>In this study, we explore the axion-like particle (ALP)-photon oscillation effect in the <jats:italic>γ</jats:italic>-ray spectra of the blazars Markarian 421 (Mrk 421) and PG 1553+113, which are measured by the Major Atmospheric Gamma Imaging Cherenkov Telescopes (MAGIC) and Fermi Large Area Telescope (Fermi-LAT) with high precision. The Mrk 421 and PG 1553+113 observations of 15 and five phases are used in the analysis, respectively. We find that the combined analysis with all the 15 phases improves the limits of the Mrk 421 observations. For the selected blazar jet magnetic field and extragalactic background light models, the combined limit set by the Mrk 421 observations excludes the ALP parameter region with the ALP-photon coupling of <jats:inline-formula> <jats:tex-math><?CDATA $g_{a\gamma} \gtrsim 2 \times 10^{-11} \; {\rm GeV}^{-1}$?></jats:tex-math> <jats:inline-graphic xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="cpc_46_8_085105_M1.jpg" xlink:type="simple" /> </jats:inline-formula> for the ALP mass of <jats:inline-formula> <jats:tex-math><?CDATA $ \sim 8\times 10^{-9} \lesssim m_a \lesssim 2\times 10^{-7}\rm \; eV $?></jats:tex-math> <jats:inline-graphic xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="cpc_46_8_085105_M2.jpg" xlink:type="simple" /> </jats:inline-formula> at 95% confidence level. The main uncertainties of the analysis originate from the blazar jet magnetic field model. We also find that the ALP hypothesis can slightly improve the fit to the PG 1553+113 results in several parameter regions. We do not set the limit in this case. </jats:p>

<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title> <jats:p>In this paper, by exploring photon motion in the region near a Bardeen black hole, we studied the shadow and observed properties of the black hole surrounded by various accretion models. We analyzed the changes in shadow imaging and observed luminosity when the relevant physical parameters are changed. For the different spherical accretion backgrounds, we find that the radius of shadow and the position of the photon sphere do not change, but the observed intensity of shadow in the infalling accretion model is significantly lower than that in the static case. We also studied the contribution of the photon rings, lensing rings and direct emission to the total observed flux when the black hole is surrounded by an optically thin disk accretion. Under the different forms of the emission modes, the results show that the observed brightness is mainly determined by direct emission, while the lensing rings will provide a small part of the observed flux, and the flux provided by the photon ring is negligible. By comparing our results with the Schwarzschild spacetime, we find that the existence or change of relevant status parameters will greatly affect the shape and observed intensity of the black hole shadow. These results support the theory that the change of state parameter will affect the spacetime structure, thus affecting the observed features of black hole shadows.</jats:p>

<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title> <jats:p>The prospect of using gravitational wave detections via the quasinormal modes (QNMs) to test modified gravity theories is exciting area of current research. Gravitational waves (GWs) emitted by a perturbed black hole (BH) will decay as a superposition of their QNMs of oscillations at the ringdown phase. In this work, we investigate the QNMs of the Einstein-Euler-Heisenberg (EEH) BH for both axial and polar gravitational perturbations. We obtain master equations with the tetrad formalism, and the quasinormal frequencies of the EEH BH are calculated in the 6th order Wentzel-Kramers-Brillöuin approximation. It is interesting to note that the QNMs of the EEH BH would differ from those of the Reissner-Nordström BH under the EH parameter, which indicates the EH parameter would affect the gravitational perturbations for the EEH BH.</jats:p>

<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title> <jats:p>In this work, we calculate the transition form factors of $\Lambda_b$ decaying into $\Lambda_c$ within the framework of light-cone sum rules with the distribution amplitudes (DAs) of $\Lambda_b$-baryon. In the hadronic representation of the correlation function, we have isolated both the $\Lambda_c$ and the $\Lambda_c^*$ states so that the $\Lambda_b \rightarrow \Lambda_c$ form factors can be obtained without ambiguity. We investigate the P-type and A-type current to interpolate the light baryons for a comparison since the interpolation current for the baryon state is not unique. We also employ three parametrization models for DAs of $\Lambda_b $ in the numerical calculation. We present the numerical predictions on the $\Lambda_b \rightarrow \Lambda_c$ form factors and the branching fractions, the averaged forward-backward asymmetry , the averaged final hadron polarization and the averaged lepton polarization of the $\Lambda_b \to \Lambda_c \ell\mu$ decays, as well as the ratio of branching ratios $R_{\Lambda_c}$, and the predicted $R_{\Lambda_c}$ can be consistent with the LHCb data.Content from this work may be used under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 licence. Any further distribution of this work must maintain attribution to the author(s) and the title of the work, journal citation and DOI. Article funded by SCOAP3 and published under licence by Chinese Physical Society and the Institute of High Energy Physics of the Chinese Academy of Science and the Institute of Modern Physics of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and IOP Publishing Ltd.</jats:p>

<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title> <jats:p>This paper calculates the magnetic moments of the hidden-charm strange pentaquark states with a quantum number of $J^P={\frac{1}{2}}^{\pm}$, ${\frac{3}{2}}^{\pm}$, ${\frac{5}{2}}^{\pm}$, and ${\frac{7}{2}}^{+}$ in the molecular, diquark-diquark-antiquark, and diquark-triquark models, respectively. Numerical results demonstrate that the magnetic moments change for a different spin-orbit coupling with the same model and when involving different models with the same angular momentum. Content from this work may be used under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 licence. Any further distribution of this work must maintain attribution to the author(s) and the title of the work, journal citation and DOI. Article funded by SCOAP3 and published under licence by Chinese Physical Society and the Institute of High Energy Physics of the Chinese Academy of Science and the Institute of Modern Physics of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and IOP Publishing Ltd.</jats:p>

<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title> <jats:p>We systematically study the magnetic dipole moments of multiquark states. In this study, the magnetic dipole moments of possible $B^- B^{*-}$, $B^0 B^{*-}$, $B^- B^{*0} $, $B^0 B^{*0}$, $B_s^0 B^{*-}$, $B^- B_s^{*0}$, $B_s^{0} B^{*0}$, $B^0 B_s^{*0}$ and $B^0_s B_s^{*0}$ states are extracted by means of light-cone sum rules. We explore magnetic dipole moments of these states as molecular picture with spin-parity $J^P = 1^+$. The magnetic dipole moments of hadrons include useful information on the distributions of charge and magnetization their inside, which can be used to understand their geometrical shapes and quark-gluon organizations. The results in the present study together with the spectroscopic parameters may elucidate the future theoretical and experimental researches on the characteristics of doubly-bottom tetraquark states.Content from this work may be used under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 licence. Any further distribution of this work must maintain attribution to the author(s) and the title of the work, journal citation and DOI. Article funded by SCOAP3 and published under licence by Chinese Physical Society and the Institute of High Energy Physics of the Chinese Academy of Science and the Institute of Modern Physics of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and IOP Publishing Ltd.</jats:p>