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<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title> <jats:p>We investigate the mass spectrum of the <jats:inline-formula> <jats:tex-math><?CDATA $ ss \bar s \bar s $?></jats:tex-math> <jats:inline-graphic xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="cpc_44_2_024101_M2.jpg" xlink:type="simple" /> </jats:inline-formula> tetraquark states in the relativized quark model. By solving the Schrödinger-like equation with the relativized potential, the masses of <jats:italic>S-</jats:italic> and <jats:italic>P-</jats:italic>wave <jats:inline-formula> <jats:tex-math><?CDATA $ ss \bar s \bar s $?></jats:tex-math> <jats:inline-graphic xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="cpc_44_2_024101_M3.jpg" xlink:type="simple" /> </jats:inline-formula> tetraquarks are obtained. The screening effects are also taken into account. It is found that the resonant structure <jats:inline-formula> <jats:tex-math><?CDATA $ X(2239) $?></jats:tex-math> <jats:inline-graphic xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="cpc_44_2_024101_M4.jpg" xlink:type="simple" /> </jats:inline-formula> observed in the <jats:inline-formula> <jats:tex-math><?CDATA $ e^+e^- \to K^+K^- $?></jats:tex-math> <jats:inline-graphic xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="cpc_44_2_024101_M5.jpg" xlink:type="simple" /> </jats:inline-formula> process by the BESIII collaboration can be assigned as a <jats:italic>P-</jats:italic>wave <jats:inline-formula> <jats:tex-math><?CDATA $ 1^{--} $?></jats:tex-math> <jats:inline-graphic xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="cpc_44_2_024101_M6.jpg" xlink:type="simple" /> </jats:inline-formula> <jats:inline-formula> <jats:tex-math><?CDATA $ ss \bar s \bar s $?></jats:tex-math> <jats:inline-graphic xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="cpc_44_2_024101_M7.jpg" xlink:type="simple" /> </jats:inline-formula> tetraquark state. Furthermore, the radiative transition and the strong decay behavior of this structure are also estimated, which can provide helpful information for future experimental searches. </jats:p>

<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title> <jats:p>The coupled <jats:inline-formula> <jats:tex-math><?CDATA $ \Lambda\Lambda nn-\Xi^- pnn $?></jats:tex-math> <jats:inline-graphic xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="cpc_44_2_024102_M3.jpg" xlink:type="simple" /> </jats:inline-formula> system was studied to investigate whether the inclusion of channel coupling is able to bind the <jats:inline-formula> <jats:tex-math><?CDATA $ \Lambda\Lambda nn $?></jats:tex-math> <jats:inline-graphic xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="cpc_44_2_024102_M4.jpg" xlink:type="simple" /> </jats:inline-formula> system. We use a separable potential three-body model of the coupled <jats:inline-formula> <jats:tex-math><?CDATA $ \Lambda\Lambda nn - \Xi^- pnn $?></jats:tex-math> <jats:inline-graphic xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="cpc_44_2_024102_M5.jpg" xlink:type="simple" /> </jats:inline-formula> system and a variational four-body calculation with realistic interactions. Our results exclude the possibility of a <jats:inline-formula> <jats:tex-math><?CDATA $ \Lambda\Lambda nn $?></jats:tex-math> <jats:inline-graphic xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="cpc_44_2_024102_M6.jpg" xlink:type="simple" /> </jats:inline-formula> bound state by a large margin. Instead, we found a <jats:inline-formula> <jats:tex-math><?CDATA $ \Xi^- t $?></jats:tex-math> <jats:inline-graphic xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="cpc_44_2_024102_M7.jpg" xlink:type="simple" /> </jats:inline-formula> quasibound state above the <jats:inline-formula> <jats:tex-math><?CDATA $ \Lambda\Lambda nn $?></jats:tex-math> <jats:inline-graphic xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="cpc_44_2_024102_M8.jpg" xlink:type="simple" /> </jats:inline-formula> threshold. </jats:p>

<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title> <jats:p>The averaged jet charge characterizes the electric charge of the initiating parton and provides a powerful tool to distinguish quark jets from gluon jets. We predict, for the first time, the medium modification of the averaged jet charge in the heavy-ion collisions at the LHC, where jet productions in p+p collisions are simulated by PYTHIA6, and the parton energy loss in QGP is calculated with two Monte Carlo models of jet quenching: PYQUEN and JEWEL. We found that the distribution of averaged jet charge is significantly suppressed by initial state isospin effects due to the participation of neutrons with zero electric charge during nuclear collisions. The considerable enhancement of the averaged jet charge in central Pb+Pb collisions is observed relative to peripheral collisions, since the jet quenching effect is more pronounced in central collisions. The distinct feature of the averaged jet charge between quark and gluon jets, along with the sensitivity of medium modifications on the jet charge to flavor dependence of the parton energy loss, could be very useful to discriminate the energy loss pattern between quark and gluon jets in heavy-ion collisions.</jats:p>

<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title> <jats:p>Considering the magnetic field response of the QGP medium, we perform a systematical study of the chiral magnetic effect (CME), and make a comparison with the experimental results for the background-subtracted correlator <jats:italic>H</jats:italic> at the energies of the RHIC Beam Energy Scan (BES) and the LHC energy. The CME signals from our computations show a centrality trend and beam energy dependence that are qualitatively consistent with the experimental measurements of the charge dependent correlations. The time evolution of the chiral electromagnetic current at the RHIC and LHC energies is systematically studied. The dependence of the time-integrated current signal on the beam energy <jats:inline-formula> <jats:tex-math><?CDATA $ \sqrt{s}$?></jats:tex-math> <jats:inline-graphic xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="cpc_44_2_024104_M1.jpg" xlink:type="simple" /> </jats:inline-formula> with different centralities is investigated. Our phenomenological analysis shows that the time-integrated electromagnetic current is maximal near the collision energy <jats:inline-formula> <jats:tex-math><?CDATA $ \sqrt{s} \approx 39$?></jats:tex-math> <jats:inline-graphic xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="cpc_44_2_024104_M2.jpg" xlink:type="simple" /> </jats:inline-formula> GeV . The qualitative trend of the induced electromagnetic current is in agreement with the CME experimental results at the RHIC and LHC energies. </jats:p>

<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title> <jats:p>Based on the Froissart-Martin theorem, the Regge theory and the possible Odderon exchange, the total cross-section <jats:inline-formula> <jats:tex-math><?CDATA $\sigma_{\rm tot}$?></jats:tex-math> <jats:inline-graphic xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="cpc_44_2_024105_M2.jpg" xlink:type="simple" /> </jats:inline-formula> and the ratio of the real to imaginary parts of the forward scattering amplitude <jats:inline-formula> <jats:tex-math><?CDATA $\rho$?></jats:tex-math> <jats:inline-graphic xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="cpc_44_2_024105_M3.jpg" xlink:type="simple" /> </jats:inline-formula> in the <jats:inline-formula> <jats:tex-math><?CDATA $pp$?></jats:tex-math> <jats:inline-graphic xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="cpc_44_2_024105_M4.jpg" xlink:type="simple" /> </jats:inline-formula> and <jats:inline-formula> <jats:tex-math><?CDATA $\bar{p}p$?></jats:tex-math> <jats:inline-graphic xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="cpc_44_2_024105_M5.jpg" xlink:type="simple" /> </jats:inline-formula> elastic collisions in the TOTEM energy region are studied in the FPO model. We consider the contributions of the Froissart bound and of the Pomeron, Reggeon and Odderon exchange terms in the scattering amplitude of the <jats:inline-formula> <jats:tex-math><?CDATA $pp$?></jats:tex-math> <jats:inline-graphic xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="cpc_44_2_024105_M6.jpg" xlink:type="simple" /> </jats:inline-formula> and <jats:inline-formula> <jats:tex-math><?CDATA $\bar{p}p$?></jats:tex-math> <jats:inline-graphic xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="cpc_44_2_024105_M7.jpg" xlink:type="simple" /> </jats:inline-formula> elastic collisions. Using the Odderon intercept <jats:inline-formula> <jats:tex-math><?CDATA $\alpha_{\rm O}(0)=0.5$?></jats:tex-math> <jats:inline-graphic xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="cpc_44_2_024105_M8.jpg" xlink:type="simple" /> </jats:inline-formula>, our theoretical predictions are in good agreement with the recent results of the TOTEM experiment. These results show that the Odderon, corresponding to the odd elastic scattering amplitude, is likely to exist. </jats:p>

<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title> <jats:p>The <jats:inline-formula> <jats:tex-math><?CDATA $ \Delta $?></jats:tex-math> <jats:inline-graphic xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="cpc_44_2_024106_M1.jpg" xlink:type="simple" /> </jats:inline-formula> mass dependence of the <jats:italic>M</jats:italic>matrix and its influence on the <jats:inline-formula> <jats:tex-math><?CDATA $ N\Delta \to NN $?></jats:tex-math> <jats:inline-graphic xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="cpc_44_2_024106_M2.jpg" xlink:type="simple" /> </jats:inline-formula> cross-sections are investigated in the one-boson exchange model. Our calculations show that the <jats:inline-formula> <jats:tex-math><?CDATA $ \Delta $?></jats:tex-math> <jats:inline-graphic xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="cpc_44_2_024106_M3.jpg" xlink:type="simple" /> </jats:inline-formula> mass dependence of the momentum of the outgoing <jats:inline-formula> <jats:tex-math><?CDATA $ \Delta $?></jats:tex-math> <jats:inline-graphic xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="cpc_44_2_024106_M4.jpg" xlink:type="simple" /> </jats:inline-formula> and the <jats:italic>M</jats:italic> matrix affects the calculations of <jats:inline-formula> <jats:tex-math><?CDATA $ \sigma_{N\Delta\to NN} $?></jats:tex-math> <jats:inline-graphic xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="cpc_44_2_024106_M6.jpg" xlink:type="simple" /> </jats:inline-formula>, especially around the threshold energy. </jats:p>

<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title> <jats:p>We discuss the effects of quantum fluctuations spewed by a black hole on its deflection angle. The Gauss-Bonnet theorem (GBT) is exploited with quantum corrections through the extended uncertainty principle (EUP), and the corresponding deflection angle is obtained. Moreover, we have attempted to broaden the scope of our work by subsuming the effects of plasma medium on the deflection angle. To demonstrate the degree of difference, the acquired results are compared with the prevailing findings.</jats:p>

<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title> <jats:p>We emphasize that it is extremely important for future neutrinoless double-beta ( <jats:inline-formula> <jats:tex-math><?CDATA $0\nu\beta\beta$?></jats:tex-math> <jats:inline-graphic xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="cpc_44_3_031001_M1.jpg" xlink:type="simple" /> </jats:inline-formula>) decay experiments to reach the sensitivity to the effective neutrino mass <jats:inline-formula> <jats:tex-math><?CDATA $|m_{\beta\beta}| \approx 1\;{\rm {meV}}$?></jats:tex-math> <jats:inline-graphic xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="cpc_44_3_031001_M2.jpg" xlink:type="simple" /> </jats:inline-formula>. With such a sensitivity, it is highly possible to discover the signals of <jats:inline-formula> <jats:tex-math><?CDATA $0\nu\beta\beta$?></jats:tex-math> <jats:inline-graphic xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="cpc_44_3_031001_M3.jpg" xlink:type="simple" /> </jats:inline-formula> decays. If no signal is observed at this sensitivity level, then either neutrinos are Dirac particles or stringent constraints can be placed on their Majorana masses. In this paper, assuming the sensitivity of <jats:inline-formula> <jats:tex-math><?CDATA $|m_{\beta\beta}| \approx 1\;{\rm {meV}}$?></jats:tex-math> <jats:inline-graphic xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="cpc_44_3_031001_M4.jpg" xlink:type="simple" /> </jats:inline-formula> for future <jats:inline-formula> <jats:tex-math><?CDATA $0\nu\beta\beta$?></jats:tex-math> <jats:inline-graphic xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="cpc_44_3_031001_M5.jpg" xlink:type="simple" /> </jats:inline-formula> decay experiments and the precisions on neutrino oscillation parameters after the JUNO experiment, we fully explore the constrained regions of the lightest neutrino mass <jats:inline-formula> <jats:tex-math><?CDATA $m_1$?></jats:tex-math> <jats:inline-graphic xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="cpc_44_3_031001_M6.jpg" xlink:type="simple" /> </jats:inline-formula> and two Majorana-type CP-violating phases <jats:inline-formula> <jats:tex-math><?CDATA $\{\rho, \sigma\}$?></jats:tex-math> <jats:inline-graphic xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="cpc_44_3_031001_M7.jpg" xlink:type="simple" /> </jats:inline-formula>. Several important conclusions in the case of normal neutrino mass ordering can be made. First, the lightest neutrino mass is severely constrained to a narrow range <jats:inline-formula> <jats:tex-math><?CDATA $m_1 \in [0.7, 8]\;{\rm {meV}}$?></jats:tex-math> <jats:inline-graphic xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="cpc_44_3_031001_M8.jpg" xlink:type="simple" /> </jats:inline-formula>, which together with the precision measurements of neutrino mass-squared differences from oscillation experiments completely determines the neutrino mass spectrum <jats:inline-formula> <jats:tex-math><?CDATA $m_2 \in [8.6, 11.7]\;{\rm {meV}}$?></jats:tex-math> <jats:inline-graphic xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="cpc_44_3_031001_M9.jpg" xlink:type="simple" /> </jats:inline-formula> and <jats:inline-formula> <jats:tex-math><?CDATA $m_3 \in [50.3, 50.9]\;{\rm {meV}}$?></jats:tex-math> <jats:inline-graphic xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="cpc_44_3_031001_M10.jpg" xlink:type="simple" /> </jats:inline-formula>. Second, one of the two Majorana CP-violating phases is limited to <jats:inline-formula> <jats:tex-math><?CDATA $\rho \in [130^\circ, 230^\circ]$?></jats:tex-math> <jats:inline-graphic xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="cpc_44_3_031001_M11.jpg" xlink:type="simple" /> </jats:inline-formula>, which cannot be obtained from any other realistic experiments. Third, the sum of three neutrino masses is found to be <jats:inline-formula> <jats:tex-math><?CDATA $\Sigma \equiv m_1 + m_2 + m_3 \in [59.2, 72.6]\;{\rm {meV}}$?></jats:tex-math> <jats:inline-graphic xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="cpc_44_3_031001_M12.jpg" xlink:type="simple" /> </jats:inline-formula>, while the effective neutrino mass for beta decays turns out to be <jats:inline-formula> <jats:tex-math><?CDATA $m_\beta \equiv (|U_{e1}|^2 m^2_1 + |U_{e2}|^2 m^2_2 + |U_{e3}|^2 m^2_3)^{1/2}\in [8.9, 12.6]\;{\rm {meV}}$?></jats:tex-math> <jats:inline-graphic xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="cpc_44_3_031001_M13.jpg" xlink:type="simple" /> </jats:inline-formula>. These observations clearly set up the roadmap for future non-oscillation neutrino experiments aiming to solve the fundamental problems in neutrino physics. </jats:p>

<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title> <jats:p>A symmetry-preserving continuum approach to the two valence-body bound-state problem is used to calculate the valence, glue and sea distributions within the pion; unifying them with, inter alia, electromagnetic pion elastic and transition form factors. The analysis reveals the following momentum fractions at the scale <jats:inline-formula> <jats:tex-math><?CDATA $\zeta_2:=2\,{\rm{GeV:}}\langle x_{\rm valence} \rangle = 0.48(3)$?></jats:tex-math> <jats:inline-graphic xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="cpc_44_3_031002_M1.jpg" xlink:type="simple" /> </jats:inline-formula>, <jats:inline-formula> <jats:tex-math><?CDATA $\langle x_{\rm glue} \rangle = 0.41(2)$?></jats:tex-math> <jats:inline-graphic xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="cpc_44_3_031002_M2.jpg" xlink:type="simple" /> </jats:inline-formula>, <jats:inline-formula> <jats:tex-math><?CDATA $\langle x_{\rm sea} \rangle = 0.11(2)$?></jats:tex-math> <jats:inline-graphic xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="cpc_44_3_031002_M3.jpg" xlink:type="simple" /> </jats:inline-formula>; and despite hardening induced by the emergent phenomenon of dynamical chiral symmetry breaking, the valence-quark distribution function, <jats:inline-formula> <jats:tex-math><?CDATA $q^\pi(x)$?></jats:tex-math> <jats:inline-graphic xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="cpc_44_3_031002_M4.jpg" xlink:type="simple" /> </jats:inline-formula>, exhibits the <jats:inline-formula> <jats:tex-math><?CDATA $x\simeq 1$?></jats:tex-math> <jats:inline-graphic xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="cpc_44_3_031002_M5.jpg" xlink:type="simple" /> </jats:inline-formula> behaviour predicted by quantum chromodynamics (QCD). After evolution to <jats:inline-formula> <jats:tex-math><?CDATA $\zeta=5.2\,{\rm{GeV}}$?></jats:tex-math> <jats:inline-graphic xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="cpc_44_3_031002_M6.jpg" xlink:type="simple" /> </jats:inline-formula>, the prediction for <jats:inline-formula> <jats:tex-math><?CDATA $q^\pi(x)$?></jats:tex-math> <jats:inline-graphic xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="cpc_44_3_031002_M7.jpg" xlink:type="simple" /> </jats:inline-formula> matches that obtained using lattice-regularised QCD. This confluence should both stimulate improved analyses of existing data and aid in planning efforts to obtain new data on the pion distribution functions. </jats:p>

<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title> <jats:p>The research on geoneutrinos is a new interdisciplinary subject involving particle experiments and geo-science. Potassium-40 (<jats:sup>40</jats:sup>K) decays contribute roughly to 1/3 of the radiogenic heat of the Earth, which is not yet accounted for by experimental observation. Solar neutrino experiments with liquid scintillators have observed uranium and thorium geoneutrinos and are the most promising experiments with regard to low-background neutrino detection. In this study, we present the new concept of using liquid-scintillator Cherenkov detectors to detect the neutrino-electron elastic scattering process of <jats:sup>40</jats:sup>K geoneutrinos. Liquid-scintillator Cherenkov detectors using a slow liquid scintillator achieve this goal with both energy and direction measurements for charged particles. Given the directionality, we can significantly suppress the dominant intrinsic background originating from solar neutrinos in conventional liquid-scintillator detectors. We simulated the solar- and geo-neutrino scatterings in the slow liquid scintillator detector, and implemented energy and directional reconstructions for the recoiling electrons. We found that <jats:sup>40</jats:sup>K geoneutrinos can be detected with three-standard-deviation accuracy in a kiloton-scale detector. </jats:p>