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<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title> <jats:p>We use the latest results of the ultra-high accuracy 1<jats:italic>S</jats:italic>-2<jats:italic>S</jats:italic> <jats:italic /> transition experiments in the hydrogen atom to constrain the forms of the deformed dispersion relation in the non-relativistic limit. For the leading correction of the non-relativistic limit, the experiment sets a limit at an order of magnitude for the desired Planck-scale level, thereby providing another example of the Planck-scale sensitivity in the study of the dispersion relation in controlled laboratory experiments. For the next-to-leading term, the bound is two orders of magnitude away from the Planck scale, however it still amounts to the best limit, in contrast to the previously obtained bound in the non-relativistic limit from the cold-atom-recoil experiments. </jats:p>

<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title> <jats:p>We propose the transverse velocity ( <jats:inline-formula> <jats:tex-math><?CDATA $\beta_T$?></jats:tex-math> <jats:inline-graphic xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="cpc_44_1_014002_M1.jpg" xlink:type="simple" /> </jats:inline-formula>) dependence of the anti-deuteron to deuteron ratio as a new observable to search for the QCD critical point in heavy-ion collisions. The QCD critical point can attract the system evolution trajectory in the QCD phase diagram, which is known as the focusing effect. To quantify this effect, we employ the thermal and hadronic transport model to simulate the dynamical particle emission along a hypothetical focusing trajectory near the critical point. We found that the focusing effect can lead to anomalous <jats:inline-formula> <jats:tex-math><?CDATA $\beta_T$?></jats:tex-math> <jats:inline-graphic xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="cpc_44_1_014002_M2.jpg" xlink:type="simple" /> </jats:inline-formula> dependence on <jats:inline-formula> <jats:tex-math><?CDATA $\bar{p}/p$?></jats:tex-math> <jats:inline-graphic xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="cpc_44_1_014002_M3.jpg" xlink:type="simple" /> </jats:inline-formula>, <jats:inline-formula> <jats:tex-math><?CDATA $\bar{d}/d$?></jats:tex-math> <jats:inline-graphic xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="cpc_44_1_014002_M4.jpg" xlink:type="simple" /> </jats:inline-formula> and <jats:inline-formula> <jats:tex-math><?CDATA $^3\overline{\rm{He}}/^3{\rm{He}}$?></jats:tex-math> <jats:inline-graphic xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="cpc_44_1_014002_M5.jpg" xlink:type="simple" /> </jats:inline-formula> ratios. We examined the <jats:inline-formula> <jats:tex-math><?CDATA $\beta_T$?></jats:tex-math> <jats:inline-graphic xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="cpc_44_1_014002_M6.jpg" xlink:type="simple" /> </jats:inline-formula> dependence of <jats:inline-formula> <jats:tex-math><?CDATA $\bar{p}/p$?></jats:tex-math> <jats:inline-graphic xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="cpc_44_1_014002_M7.jpg" xlink:type="simple" /> </jats:inline-formula> and <jats:inline-formula> <jats:tex-math><?CDATA $\bar{d}/d$?></jats:tex-math> <jats:inline-graphic xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="cpc_44_1_014002_M8.jpg" xlink:type="simple" /> </jats:inline-formula> ratios of central Au+Au collisions at <jats:inline-formula> <jats:tex-math><?CDATA $\sqrt {s_{\rm{NN}}} = $?></jats:tex-math> <jats:inline-graphic xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="cpc_44_1_014002_M9.jpg" xlink:type="simple" /> </jats:inline-formula> 7.7 to 200 GeV measured by the STAR experiment at RHIC. Surprisingly, we only observe a negative slope in <jats:inline-formula> <jats:tex-math><?CDATA $\beta_T$?></jats:tex-math> <jats:inline-graphic xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="cpc_44_1_014002_M10.jpg" xlink:type="simple" /> </jats:inline-formula> dependence of <jats:inline-formula> <jats:tex-math><?CDATA $\bar{d}/d$?></jats:tex-math> <jats:inline-graphic xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="cpc_44_1_014002_M11.jpg" xlink:type="simple" /> </jats:inline-formula> ratio at <jats:inline-formula> <jats:tex-math><?CDATA $\sqrt {s_{\rm{NN}}} = $?></jats:tex-math> <jats:inline-graphic xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="cpc_44_1_014002_M12.jpg" xlink:type="simple" /> </jats:inline-formula> 19.6 GeV, which indicates the trajectory evolution has passed through the critical region. In the future, we could constrain the location of the critical point and/or width of the critical region by conducting precise measurements on the <jats:inline-formula> <jats:tex-math><?CDATA $\beta_T$?></jats:tex-math> <jats:inline-graphic xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="cpc_44_1_014002_M13.jpg" xlink:type="simple" /> </jats:inline-formula> dependence of the <jats:inline-formula> <jats:tex-math><?CDATA $\bar{d}/d$?></jats:tex-math> <jats:inline-graphic xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="cpc_44_1_014002_M14.jpg" xlink:type="simple" /> </jats:inline-formula> ratio at different energies and rapidity. </jats:p>

<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title> <jats:p>The <jats:sup>6</jats:sup>Li(<jats:italic>n</jats:italic>, <jats:italic>t</jats:italic>)<jats:sup>4</jats:sup>He reaction was measured as the first experiment involving neutron-induced charged particle emission reactions at the CSNS (China Spallation Neutron Source) Back-n white neutron source. The differential cross-sections of the <jats:sup>6</jats:sup>Li(<jats:italic>n</jats:italic>,<jats:italic>t</jats:italic>)<jats:sup>4</jats:sup>He reaction at 15 detection angles ranging from 19.2° to 160.8° are obtained from 1.0 eV to 3.0 MeV at 80 neutron energy points; for 50 energy points below 0.1 MeV they are reported for the first time. The results indicate that the anisotropy of the emitted tritium is noticeable above <jats:italic>E</jats:italic> <jats:sub>n</jats:sub> = 100 eV. The angle-integrated cross-sections are also obtained. The present differential cross-sections agree in general with the previous evaluations, but there are some differences in the details. More importantly, the present results indicate that the cross-sections of the <jats:sup>6</jats:sup>Li(<jats:italic>n</jats:italic>, <jats:italic>t</jats:italic>)<jats:sup>4</jats:sup>He reaction might be overestimated by most evaluations in the 0.5 − 3.0 MeV region, although they are recommended as standards below 1.0 MeV. </jats:p>

<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title> <jats:p>We show that the <jats:inline-formula> <jats:tex-math><?CDATA $p_{T}$?></jats:tex-math> <jats:inline-graphic xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="cpc_44_1_014101_M3.jpg" xlink:type="simple" /> </jats:inline-formula> spectra of <jats:inline-formula> <jats:tex-math><?CDATA $\Omega^{-}$?></jats:tex-math> <jats:inline-graphic xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="cpc_44_1_014101_M4.jpg" xlink:type="simple" /> </jats:inline-formula> and <jats:inline-formula> <jats:tex-math><?CDATA $\phi$?></jats:tex-math> <jats:inline-graphic xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="cpc_44_1_014101_M5.jpg" xlink:type="simple" /> </jats:inline-formula> at midrapidity in the inelastic events in <jats:inline-formula> <jats:tex-math><?CDATA $pp$?></jats:tex-math> <jats:inline-graphic xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="cpc_44_1_014101_M6.jpg" xlink:type="simple" /> </jats:inline-formula> collisions at <jats:inline-formula> <jats:tex-math><?CDATA $\sqrt{s}=$?></jats:tex-math> <jats:inline-graphic xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="cpc_44_1_014101_M7.jpg" xlink:type="simple" /> </jats:inline-formula> 13 TeV exhibit a constituent quark number scaling property, which is a clear signal of quark combination mechanism at hadronization. We use a quark combination model with equal velocity combination approximation to systematically study the production of identified hadrons in <jats:inline-formula> <jats:tex-math><?CDATA $pp$?></jats:tex-math> <jats:inline-graphic xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="cpc_44_1_014101_M8.jpg" xlink:type="simple" /> </jats:inline-formula> collisions at <jats:inline-formula> <jats:tex-math><?CDATA $\sqrt{s}$?></jats:tex-math> <jats:inline-graphic xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="cpc_44_1_014101_M9.jpg" xlink:type="simple" /> </jats:inline-formula>= 13 TeV. The midrapidity <jats:inline-formula> <jats:tex-math><?CDATA $p_{T}$?></jats:tex-math> <jats:inline-graphic xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="cpc_44_1_014101_M10.jpg" xlink:type="simple" /> </jats:inline-formula> spectra for protons, <jats:inline-formula> <jats:tex-math><?CDATA $\Lambda$?></jats:tex-math> <jats:inline-graphic xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="cpc_44_1_014101_M11.jpg" xlink:type="simple" /> </jats:inline-formula>, <jats:inline-formula> <jats:tex-math><?CDATA $\Xi^{-}$?></jats:tex-math> <jats:inline-graphic xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="cpc_44_1_014101_M12.jpg" xlink:type="simple" /> </jats:inline-formula>, <jats:inline-formula> <jats:tex-math><?CDATA $\Omega^{-}$?></jats:tex-math> <jats:inline-graphic xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="cpc_44_1_014101_M13.jpg" xlink:type="simple" /> </jats:inline-formula>, <jats:inline-formula> <jats:tex-math><?CDATA $\phi$?></jats:tex-math> <jats:inline-graphic xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="cpc_44_1_014101_M14.jpg" xlink:type="simple" /> </jats:inline-formula> and <jats:inline-formula> <jats:tex-math><?CDATA $K^{*}$?></jats:tex-math> <jats:inline-graphic xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="cpc_44_1_014101_M15.jpg" xlink:type="simple" /> </jats:inline-formula> in the inelastic events are simultaneously fitted by the model. The multiplicity dependence of the yields of these hadrons are also well understood. The strong <jats:inline-formula> <jats:tex-math><?CDATA $p_{T}$?></jats:tex-math> <jats:inline-graphic xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="cpc_44_1_014101_M16.jpg" xlink:type="simple" /> </jats:inline-formula> dependence of the <jats:inline-formula> <jats:tex-math><?CDATA $p/\phi$?></jats:tex-math> <jats:inline-graphic xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="cpc_44_1_014101_M17.jpg" xlink:type="simple" /> </jats:inline-formula> ratio is well explained by the model, which further suggests that the production of two hadrons with similar masses is determined by their quark content at hadronization. The <jats:inline-formula> <jats:tex-math><?CDATA $p_{T}$?></jats:tex-math> <jats:inline-graphic xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="cpc_44_1_014101_M18.jpg" xlink:type="simple" /> </jats:inline-formula> spectra of strange hadrons at midrapidity in different multiplicity classes in <jats:inline-formula> <jats:tex-math><?CDATA $pp$?></jats:tex-math> <jats:inline-graphic xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="cpc_44_1_014101_M19.jpg" xlink:type="simple" /> </jats:inline-formula> collisions at <jats:inline-formula> <jats:tex-math><?CDATA $\sqrt{s}=$?></jats:tex-math> <jats:inline-graphic xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="cpc_44_1_014101_M20.jpg" xlink:type="simple" /> </jats:inline-formula> 13 TeV are predicted for further tests of the model. The midrapidity <jats:inline-formula> <jats:tex-math><?CDATA $p_{T}$?></jats:tex-math> <jats:inline-graphic xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="cpc_44_1_014101_M21.jpg" xlink:type="simple" /> </jats:inline-formula> spectra of soft ( <jats:inline-formula> <jats:tex-math><?CDATA $p_T \lt 2$?></jats:tex-math> <jats:inline-graphic xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="cpc_44_1_014101_M22.jpg" xlink:type="simple" /> </jats:inline-formula> GeV/c) strange quarks and up/down quarks at hadronization in <jats:inline-formula> <jats:tex-math><?CDATA $pp$?></jats:tex-math> <jats:inline-graphic xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="cpc_44_1_014101_M23.jpg" xlink:type="simple" /> </jats:inline-formula> collisions at <jats:inline-formula> <jats:tex-math><?CDATA $\sqrt{s}=$?></jats:tex-math> <jats:inline-graphic xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="cpc_44_1_014101_M24.jpg" xlink:type="simple" /> </jats:inline-formula> 13 TeV are extracted. </jats:p>

<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title> <jats:p>Within the framework of the Lanzhou quantum molecular dynamics model, the deep subthreshold antiproton production in heavy-ion collisions has been investigated thoroughly. The elastic scattering, annihilation and charge exchange reactions associated with antiproton channels are implemented in the model. The attractive antiproton potential extracted from the <jats:italic>G</jats:italic>-parity transformation of nucleon selfenergies reduces the threshold energies in meson-baryon and baryon-baryon collisions, and consequently enhances the antiproton yields to some extent. The calculated invariant spectra are consistent with the available experimental data. The primordial antiproton yields increase with the mass number of the colliding system. However, annihilation reactions reduce the antiproton production which becomes independent of the colliding partners. Anti-flow phenomena of antiprotons correlated with the mean field potential and annihilation mechanism is found by comparing them with the proton flows. Possible experiments at the high-intensity heavy-ion accelerator facility (HIAF) in China are discussed. </jats:p>

<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title> <jats:p>The skyrmion stability at finite isospin chemical potential <jats:inline-formula> <jats:tex-math><?CDATA $\mu_I$?></jats:tex-math> <jats:inline-graphic xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="cpc_44_1_014103_M1.jpg" xlink:type="simple" /> </jats:inline-formula> is studied using the Skyrme Lagrangian with a finite pion mass <jats:inline-formula> <jats:tex-math><?CDATA $m_{\pi}$?></jats:tex-math> <jats:inline-graphic xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="cpc_44_1_014103_M2.jpg" xlink:type="simple" /> </jats:inline-formula>. A critical value <jats:inline-formula> <jats:tex-math><?CDATA $\mu_{I{\rm c}}=\sqrt{3/2}m_{\pi}$?></jats:tex-math> <jats:inline-graphic xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="cpc_44_1_014103_M3.jpg" xlink:type="simple" /> </jats:inline-formula> , above which a stable soliton does not exist, is found. We also explore some properties of the skyrmion as function of <jats:inline-formula> <jats:tex-math><?CDATA $\mu_{I}$?></jats:tex-math> <jats:inline-graphic xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="cpc_44_1_014103_M4.jpg" xlink:type="simple" /> </jats:inline-formula>, i.e., the isoscalar rms radius and the isoscalar magnetic rms radius. Finally, considering the finite temperature effect on the skyrmion mass, we obtain a critical temperature <jats:inline-formula> <jats:tex-math><?CDATA $T_{\rm c}$?></jats:tex-math> <jats:inline-graphic xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="cpc_44_1_014103_M5.jpg" xlink:type="simple" /> </jats:inline-formula>, using the profile function of the skyrmion, above which the skyrmion mass does not have a minimum, which can be interpreted as the occurrence of the deconfinement phase transition. </jats:p>

<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title> <jats:p>The Bayesian neural network (BNN) method is proposed to predict the isotopic cross-sections in proton induced spallation reactions. Learning from more than 4000 data sets of isotopic cross-sections from 19 experimental measurements and 5 theoretical predictions with the SPACS parametrization, in which the mass of the spallation system ranges from 36 to 238, and the incident energy from 200 MeV/u to 1500 MeV/u, it is demonstrated that the BNN method can provide good predictions of the residue fragment cross-sections in spallation reactions.</jats:p>

<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title> <jats:p>The weak cosmic censorship conjecture in the near-extremal BTZ black hole has been tested using test particles and fields. It has been claimed that such a black hole can be overspun. In this paper, we review the thermodynamics and weak cosmic censorship conjecture in BTZ black holes using the scattering of a scalar field. The first law of thermodynamics in the non-extremal BTZ black hole is recovered. For the extremal and near-extremal black holes, due to the divergence of the variation of entropy, we test the weak cosmic censorship conjecture by evaluating the minimum of the function <jats:italic>f</jats:italic>, and find that both the extremal and near-extremal black holes cannot be overspun. </jats:p>

<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title> <jats:p>In this paper, we investigate the quantum scalar fields in a massive BTZ black hole background. We study the entropy of the system by evaluating the entanglement entropy using a discretized approach. Specifically, we fit the results with a log -modified formula of the black hole entropy, which is introduced by quantum correction. The coefficients of leading and sub-leading terms affected by the mass of graviton are numerically analyzed.</jats:p>

<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title> <jats:p>We study reheating in some one and two field realizations of fibre inflation. We find that reheating begins with a phase of preheating in which long wavelength fluctuation modes are excited. In two field models there is a danger that the parametric amplification of infrared fluctuations in the second scalar field - associated with an entropy mode - might induce an instability of the curvature fluctuations. We show that, at least in the models we consider, the entropy mode has a sufficiently large mass to prevent this instability. Hence, from the point of view of reheating the models we consider are well-behaved.</jats:p>