Catálogo de publicaciones - libros

The article reveals the possibility of application of volume-surface hardening (VSH) by high-speed water flow for increasing static and cyclic strength of solebars of freight bogies manufactured from low-carbon cast steel 20 GL type. Formation of gradient structures with variable strength and ductility after VSH to the depth of 5–8 mm from the surface provides improved strength by 1.6–2.1 times compared to its normalized state and increases fracture resistance of solebars under static and cyclic loadings.

The study of the kinetic, physicochemical, and rheological characteristics of solutions, gels and sols for enhanced oil recovery, water shutoff, and stimulation of oil production resulted in the creation of thermotropic systems, based on inorganic and polymer solutions, which are capable to generate a gel or sol in situ, and sol-forming oil-displacing surfactant-based systems with controlled viscosity and alkalinity. The thermal reservoir energy or that of the injected heat carrier is a factor causing solation and gelation. The technologies using the created systems are proposed for complicated operating conditions, including high-viscosity oilfields being developed by thermal-steam stimulation, and a complex of injection options: gradient and component-wise injection, reagent cycling. The technologies were successfully tested in the Permian-Carboniferous reservoir of high-viscosity oil in the Usinsk oilfield, including joint thermal-steam stimulation of the reservoir. The results correspond to the world level.

Development of alternative approaches to fuel components and basic organic synthesis precursors producing based on biomass treatment products is important objective for ecology and chemistry. In this work, a number of original Pt–Sn containing catalysts were used for the mixture of fatty acids conversion. The peculiarities of used catalysts are usage of heterometallic precursors that possesses metal–metal bonds. Such kind of catalysts precursors allow obtaining more active and selective catalysts then ones based on a mixture of monometallic Pt and Sn precursors. Structural peculiarities of catalysts were characterized with TEM&EDS and XAS technique. Relations between Pt clusters structure and its catalytic properties were determined.

The article deals with the problems of increasing the efficiency of electric separators through developing new approached to their design for upgrading of heat-treated crushed brown coal. The rational use of natural resources and efficient energy consumption are two basic requirements of EU Directive 2008/1/EC. It is expected that the techniques for brown coal pre-drying will result in increased energy efficiency of enterprises of up to 5% and upgrading of heat-treated brown coal will increase energy efficiency by the same value. To upgrade heat-treated brown coal it is necessary to design new equipment including high-efficiency electric separators. It was earlier found that the maximum value of coal particle charge was provided in a corona-electrostatic separator, a lower level of coal particle charge was observed in a triboelectrostatic separator and the lowest level of coal particle charge was established in a plate-type electrostatic separator. The basic efficiency constraint for drum-type corona-electrostatic separators is the diameter of a collecting electrode and one operating area. To select the directions for increasing the productivity and efficiency in separating heat-treated crushed brown coal in drum-type corona-electrostatic separators the results of studies of changes in force vectors affecting its charged particles, nature of their motion in the electric field resulting in separated products—organic and mineral components of brown coal, taking this into consideration the factors of the heating temperature, voltage across a corona-producing electrode (drum), diameter of a corona-producing electrode and its rotation speed, have been analyzed. The increased efficiency of a drum-type CES with a slight increase in its weight is associated with removing a constraint from design parameters—the diameter of a collecting electrode (drum). It is realized through the change of orientation of a collecting electrode from horizontal to vertical.

The stacked beds comprising hydrotreating catalyst as the top layer, hydrocracking catalyst based on amorphous silica-alumina as the interlayer and hydrocracking catalyst based on USY zeolite as the bottom layer were tested in hydrocracking of mixed feed containing straight-run VGO, heavy coker gas oil, aromatic extract and petrolatum. It is shown that stacked beds with developed catalysts can be successfully used both in the once-through hydrocracking to provide VGO conversion of 70–80% with middle distillates yields up to 50 wt% and in the first stage operation of two stages hydrocracker to provide 35–65% VGO conversion and produce high-quality middle distillates and feed for the second stage. The commercial partner of this work is Gazprom Neft PJSC (Gazprom Neft Omsk Refinery).

The current development of the domestic engineering industry is closely connected with the development of new production technologies and metal processing methods, which corresponds to the transition of the industry to the sixth technological order. One of the priorities and strategically important directions of this development is the introduction of additive technologies into existing production chains. Currently, in the developing Russian market of 3D printing, there is a shortage of qualitative domestic industrial equipment and consumables materials (metallic powders). The present development of additive technologies in Russian companies is carried out with costly imported equipment based on the use of expensive imported consumables. To reduce the share of imported equipment in the Russian market effectively, the development of the technology and prototype model of the experimental unit MeltMaster-550 for precision manufacturing of responsible, bulky products with a complex profile based on advanced technologies of additive manufacturing by selective laser melting method (SLM).

Lithium-ion battery based on a new electrochemical system with a positive electrode based on doped lithium iron phosphate and a negative electrode based on doped lithium titanate has been developed. The battery is intended for use in fixed energy storage units. The battery is characterized by the ability to operate at increased charging/discharging currents (up to 30 C ). The specific power of the battery was about 2 kW/kg.

The paper represents a brief review of authors’ research results and publications in the area of materials science and engineering of innovated lightweight heat-resistant TiAl-based intermetallic alloys. The system TiAl(Nb,Cr,Zr) under development is being considered as the advanced basis for the creation of TiAl-intermetallics of 3rd generation (TNM) TiAl(Nb,Mo)-like alloys, those being the most promising nowadays for an application in aviation jet engines design. This research is implemented within the frame of Federal Targeted Program for R&D in Priority Areas of Development of the Russian Scientific and Technological Complex for 2014–2020 (Russian FTP for R&D 2014–2020).

The effect of composition on the magnetic properties and microstructure of as-cast Nd–Fe alloys was investigated. The temperature dependence of the hysteresis loops was studied. The magnetic phases with ordering temperatures in the range from 7 to 50 K and from 420 to 580 K are detected from zero-field cooled (ZFC) and field cooled (FC) dependencies of magnetization. At temperatures below 100 K, the increase of the magnetizing field leads to a sharp increase of the magnetization, which does not saturate in the magnetization field 90 kOe. The correlations between the microstructure and coercivity of the as-cast Nd–Fe alloys are discussed.

We describe a laser method for constructing a biocompatible implant of the knee ligaments based on synthetic-braided fiber structure of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) coated with a nanocomposite coating. A coating based on albumin aqueous dispersion of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) was applied to the synthetic fibers using ultrasound and then formed by laser evaporation of the aqueous dispersion component. The structure of the nanocomposite implants was studied by optical and atomic force microscopy. Composite implant based on single-walled CNTs (SWCNTs) contains pores with a diameter of 10–20 nm, and based on multi-walled CNTs (MWCNTs)—40–60 nm. We conducted in vitro studies of proliferative activity of human fibroblast cells (HFb) during their colonization on the surface of the implant and into the space between synthetic fibers. The highest value of the HFb proliferation was observed on the implant based on MWCNTs with a large pore size and amounted to 55.435 pcs., in contrast to the implant based on SWCNTs (54.931 pcs.) and control one (54.715 pcs.), as shown by fluorescence microscopy and MTT test. A histological study of the interaction of the nanocomposite implant implanted into rabbit knee joint with bone canal was carried out. The bone germination in the implantation area at 2, 4 and 8 weeks after surgery was shown.