Catálogo de publicaciones - revistas

<jats:p>The objective of this study was to compare the repeatability and diagnostic objectivity of two methods of measuring the range of motion. 30 people took part in the study - 15 men and 15 women aged 21-26. In each person under the study, the range of motion was measured 4 times in the given joints of the upper and lower limbs. Two measurements were made with a goniometer and two with the Hippocrates Sensor, and the measurements were made by 2 physiotherapists. The goniometric test showed a smaller measurement error compared to the Hippocrates Sensor test. Both the universal goniometer test and the Hippocrates Sensor test were characterized by high repeatability of the measurement, independent of the person performing the test. However, the results of measuring the range of motion in the joints obtained by one therapist, but with different methods, were statistically significantly different. The universal goniometer test was characterized by greater measurement precision in relation to the standards compliant with the ISOM.</jats:p>

<jats:p>The study aims to evaluate the strategy of men’s 400 m hurdles (400 mH) run of the best hurdlers in the world, implementing five types of stride pattern. The analysis included 243 individual runs of 114 leading world hurdlers at a distance of 400 mH, participating in the international championship (39) in 1968-2015. Data was obtained from own sources, published literature, and projects implemented by the IAAF (International Association of Athletics Federations) during the major athletics competitions. The parameters analyzed in the study included the temporal parameters and the spatial structure (space parameters) of 400 mH race. The adopted strategy of the 400 mH run determines significant differences in the temporal structure of the first part of the run and the spatial structure in its second part. Additionally, the differences determining the time strategy in the 400 mH run concern the distance from the first to the fifth hurdle. The number of steps is of particular importance in the second part of the distance, mainly between the 6th and 8th hurdles. The stride patterns determine the course of the competition (pacing strategy) in the 400mH run. In 400 mH training, about 30% time should be devoted to technical training, which will strengthen the effective use of “weaker” lead leg (attacking leg).</jats:p>

<jats:p>The purpose of the work was to characterize the 4-year preparation cycle for the Winter Olympic Games in Pyongyang (2018), the leading Polish speed skater M.W. Longitudinal tests included assessment of aerobic and anaerobic exercise capacity determined in laboratory tests, respectively in the graded bicycle ergometer test and in the Wingate test performed with the lower extremity. The longitudinal data from exercise tests obtained in the analyzed 4-year period of preparation for the Olympic Games clearly indicate a significant improvement in the skater's exercise capacity. In the examined period of 2015-2018, the athlete obtained an increase in VO2max value by 6.5% to the level of 55.8 ml/kg/min. The nature of the observed changes in selected exercise indicators corresponded to the assumptions and implementation of training plans. The examined athlete was very well prepared for qualifying starts in October-November 2017 and she won three Olympic qualifications at distances 500, 1000 and 1500 m. During the Olympic Games, the Polish representative started the competition with starts at distances 1500 (20th place) and 500 m (28th place). At the leading distance of 1000 m, the competitor started at her level, reaching 12th place thus fulfilling the pre-start assumptions.</jats:p>

<jats:p>The objective of this study was to analyse anthropometric, physical fitness and psychological parameters in women basketball players according to their age group. Ninety-seven women basketball players (16.7±2.9 years in age) from national teams participated in the study. The players belonged to the A-team, Under-20s, Under-18s, Under-16s, and Under-15s national teams. All were assessed using basic anthropometry (height, weight and body mass index), physical fitness tests (countermovement jump with and without upper limb movement, chest-pass, 10 m and 15 m sprints, T-test, line-drill, and yo-yo IR2 test), psychological parameters (psychological skills in practice and competition, mental toughness, and competition anxiety). A one-way analysis of variance was used to establish the differences between the teams, applying a Bonferroni post hoc test. The results showed that in the anthropometric parameters there were only differences in weight, with the Under-15s being lighter than the rest of the teams (F = 4.808, p = 0.001). In the physical fitness parameters, the A-teams scored higher in chest-pass than the rest of the teams (F = 15.320, p &lt;0.001), the Under-15s were faster than the Under-18s in 10 m sprint (F = 2.914, p = 0.026) and than the rest of the teams in 15 m sprint (F = 40.407, p &lt;0.001), and the Under-18s scored better on the yo-yo IR2 test than the Under-16s (F = 2.157, p = 0.041). In the psychological parameters, differences were only found between the Under-16s and Under-18s in negative thinking in competition (F = 3.517, p = 0.001). Coaches should focus on the physical condition training load, and try to improve it as age increases. The lack of differences in the psychological parameters seems to indicate that these depend more on the individual than on age.</jats:p>

<jats:p>A titin, encoded by a TTN gene, is a third most abundant sarcomere component. Although, this myofilament plays a wide range of key roles in muscle tissue such as structural, developmental, mechanical, and regulatory functions, it is a usually missed aspect of the muscle properties formation. At first, the TTN gene variants was described in development of skeletal and cardiac muscle diseases. Recently, the gene is also considered a very promising genetic marker for sport performance which may underlie differences in the potential to be an elite athlete. The aim of the present study is to provide the comprehensive update of the titin protein and the TTN gene variants role in formation of skeletal and cardiac muscle properties. We review function and structure of the protein, the gene, and the isoforms, as well as molecular mechanisms, disease-causing mutations, associated phenotypes, and their implications for human health, physical performance, adaptive changes of muscles in response to training, and injury risk.</jats:p>

<jats:p>The purpose of this study was to evaluate the relationship between knee extensor and flexor muscles strength and vertical jump in professional female volleyball players. Forty-one female volleyball players participated in this study. Isokinetic PT and was measured at 60°/s, whilst CMJ performance using a force plate. The participants were later divided to WG (weaker group - PT/BW&lt;2) and SG (stronger group - PT/BW&gt;2). Isokinetic concentric knee extension and flexion PT was significantly correlated with CMJ performance. However, higher correlation coefficients were obtained at the non-dominant leg. No significant differences were found but mere trend favoring non-dominant leg muscles in the weaker group. Strong positive correlation exists between isokinetic knee PT and CMJ height in professional female volleyball players. When divided and compared to WG and SG the results indicate weaker players tend to modify their technique individually and towards unilaterality as so they could maximize their performance.</jats:p>

<jats:p>The aim of the study was to identify the situational factors of a game which (a) might affect the victory or defeat in the game; (b) were common for matches played in a tournament for the hearing or deaf, including matches won or lost. The analysis included 37 matches of national deaf teams (5th World Deaf Basketball Championships, Poland) and 92 matches of national hearing teams (18th Basketball World Cup, China). During both tournaments, the matches played were divided into won and lost. We also presented analyses concerning 31 game situational variables related to the performance of national basketball teams at both events. All situational variables were subject to statistical analysis, including calculation of their means and standard deviations, and determination of minimum and maximum. Discriminant analysis was performed, too. The analyses showed no statistically significant differences in almost all game aspects between matches won by deaf and hearing basketball players. Statistically significant differences in situational variables were observed between matches won during the 5th World Deaf Basketball Championships and matches lost during the 18th Basketball World Cup. The discriminant analysis allowed to determine the situational variables that affected the winning or losing of a game: missed shots for 2 or 3 points, free throws, defensive and offensive rebounds, as well as assists, steals, and turnovers. A classification matrix indicated 21 results of direct match competitions achieved by deaf teams (winning and losing), which allowed to qualify these teams as hearing ones in terms of the values of game situational variables. Literature analysis revealed lack of scientific reports on deaf sport.</jats:p>

<jats:p>While the benefits of sports activity are well-documented, people remain reluctant to engage in it in selected developed countries (including Middle and Eastern Europe). A comparison of empirical results indicates that the reasons behind such behaviour are heterogenous and complex. As implied by the socio-ecological framework, different spheres of life and the interactions between them matter. By using the results of a study on Polish society conducted in 2015, Social Diagnosis, and a random forest model, we show the key demographic, socio-economic characteristics and interactions between them in explaining the difference between engaging in sports activity and not doing so. In particular, we identify three crucial variables: age, participation of other adults in the same household in sports activity, and proclivity for restaurants, bars, pubs.</jats:p>