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This paper presents the methodology for spatial modeling of thermal discharge into water systems, including calculations of velocity field evolution, pressure and temperature fields for gas and liquid media, dynamics of temperature fields in solid media, and processes of heat-mass exchange at the interfacial area. The SPACEMORPH_THERMO software package was developed based on the described methodology. Test experiments are discussed for nonstationary three-dimensional modeling of human-induced thermal discharge in both flowing and static water systems. This multifunctional code complex is useful for forecasting the dynamics of ecological systems and risk assessment.

A substantial effort has been made over the past few decades to label toxicological interaction outcomes as synergistic, antagonistic or additive. The mathematical characterizations of “synergism” and “antagonism” are most closely related to the characterization of no interaction, rather than being some intrinsic toxicological property. For now, labels such as “synergism” are useful to regulatory agencies, both for qualitative indications of public health “risk” as well as numerical decision tools for mixture “risk” characterization. Efforts to quantify interaction designations for use in “risk assessment” formulas, however, are highly simplified and carry large uncertainties. Several research directions, such as pharmacokinetic measurements and models as well as toxicogenomics should promote significant improvements; by providing multi-component data to allow these pair-wise interaction labels to be replaced by biologically based mathematical models of joint toxicity in “risk assessment” procedures Synergism is not always dangerous or even significantly more dangerous than the individual toxicities. Statistical analyses do not necessarily indicate any significant impacts on public health. Similarly, antagonism does not necessarily mean the mixture is safe, only that it is less toxic than the no-interaction model would predict [1].

The role of regional networks for applying Environmental Risk Analysis (ERA) in order to promote environmental and human security is analysed in this paper. These networks should take national and regional approaches and have a multidisciplinary view, and implement a financing strategy, a training policy for specialists and technicians according to specific needs and a social policy for informing and sensitising citizens, and encouraging policies of prevention. The case of a specific network to be developed in the Middle East is further discussed.