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Bleeding and thrombotic complications are an important cause of morbidity and mortality in patients undergoing HSCT.

Engraftment is defined as the first of 3 consecutive days with an absolute neutrophil count higher than 0.5 × 10/L (sustained >20 × 10/L platelets and hemoglobin >80 g/L, free of transfusion requirements).

AML is a malignancy of hematopoietic immature precursors (myeloblasts) that accumulate in the BM at the expense of their normal counterparts.

Graft-versus-host disease (GvHD) was first recognized in murine models of HSCT, and in the absence of knowledge of the HLA system, it was termed “secondary” (secondary to recovery from irradiation damage) or “runt” disease on the basis of anorexia, reduced weight, diarrhea, ruffled fur, and eventual death.

Chronic GVHD (cGVHD) is the most relevant cause of late non-relapse morbidity and subsequent mortality (approximately 25%) following allo-HSCT (Grube et al. 2016).

Post transplant lymphoproliferative disorders (PTLDs) constitute a heterogeneous group of lymphoproliferative diseases that occur in the setting of transplantation and result from the uncontrolled neoplastic proliferation of lymphoid or plasmacytic cells in the context of extrinsic immunosuppression after transplantation.

Iron overload/toxicity is an unavoidable consequence in several diseases characterized by anemia and red blood cell transfusion requirement.

Secondary neoplasia (SN) after HSCT includes any malignant disorder occurring after HSCT, irrespectively, if related or not to transplantation.

Ocular complications in HSCT patients include both ocular GVHD- and non-GVHD-related late effects which, if left untreated, can lead to blindness.

The frequency and severity of TPH liver complications have decreased sharply in the last decade, with some complications that have completely disappeared, such as, for example, Candida liver abscesses.