Catálogo de publicaciones - revistas

<jats:p> Data System. Federal health surveys, like the National Health Interview Survey (NHIS), represent important surveillance mechanisms for collecting timely, representative data that can be used to monitor the health and health care of the US population. </jats:p><jats:p> Data Collection/Processing. Conducted by the National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS), NHIS uses an address-based, complex clustered sample of housing units, yielding data representative of the civilian noninstitutionalized US population. Survey redesigns that reduce survey length and eliminate proxy reporting may reduce respondent burden and increase participation. Such were goals in 2019, when NCHS implemented a redesigned NHIS questionnaire that also focused on topics most relevant and appropriate for surveillance of child and adult health. </jats:p><jats:p> Data Analysis/Dissemination. Public-use microdata files and selected health estimates and detailed documentation are released online annually. </jats:p><jats:p> Public Health Implications. Declining response rates may lead to biased estimates and weaken users’ ability to make valid conclusions from the data, hindering public health efforts. The 2019 NHIS questionnaire redesign was associated with improvements in the survey’s response rate, declines in respondent burden, and increases in data quality and survey relevancy. (Am J Public Health. 2023;113(4):408–415. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2022.307197 ) </jats:p>

<jats:p> Objectives. To examine the association between historical redlining and contemporary pedestrian fatalities across the United States. </jats:p><jats:p> Methods. We analyzed 2010–2019 traffic fatality data, obtained from the Fatality Analysis Reporting System, for all US pedestrian fatalities linked by location of crash to 1930s Home Owners’ Loan Corporation (HOLC) grades and current sociodemographic factors at the census tract level. We applied generalized estimating equation models to assess the relationship between the count of pedestrian fatalities and redlining. </jats:p><jats:p> Results. In an adjusted multivariable analysis, tracts graded D (“Hazardous”) had a 2.60 (95% confidence interval = 2.26, 2.99) incidence rate ratio (per residential population) of pedestrian fatalities compared with tracts graded A (“Best”). We found a significant dose‒response relationship: as grades worsened from A to D, rates of pedestrian fatalities increased. </jats:p><jats:p> Conclusions. Historical redlining policy, initiated in the 1930s, has an impact on present-day transportation inequities in the United States. </jats:p><jats:p> Public Health Implications. To reduce transportation inequities, understanding how structurally racist policies, past and present, have an impact on community-level investments in transportation and health is crucial. (Am J Public Health. 2023;113(4):420–428. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2022.307192 ) </jats:p>

<jats:p> Objectives. To analyze abortion incidence in Indiana concurrent with changes in abortion-related laws. </jats:p><jats:p> Methods. Using publicly available data, we created a timeline of abortion-related laws in Indiana, calculated abortion rates by geography, and described changes in abortion occurrence coincident with changes in abortion-related laws between 2010 and 2019. </jats:p><jats:p> Results. Between 2010 and 2019, Indiana’s legislature passed 14 abortion-restricting laws, and 4 of 10 abortion-providing clinics closed. The Indiana abortion rate decreased from 7.8 abortions per 1000 women aged 15 to 44 years in 2010 to 5.9 in 2019. At all time points, the abortion rate was 58% to 71% of the Midwestern rate and 48% to 55% of the national rate. By 2019, nearly 1 in 3 (29%) Indiana residents who obtained abortion care did so outside the state. </jats:p><jats:p> Conclusions. Access to abortion in Indiana over the past decade was low, required increases in interstate travel to obtain care, and co-occurred with the passage of numerous abortion restrictions. </jats:p><jats:p> Public Health Implications. These findings preview unequal abortion access and increases in interstate travel as state-level restrictions and bans go into effect across the country. (Am J Public Health. 2023;113(4):429–437. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2022.307196 ) </jats:p>

<jats:p> Objectives. To examine the impact of school shootings on indicators of adolescent school safety in the United States. </jats:p><jats:p> Methods. We linked 2009–2019 Youth Risk Behavior Survey data on 211 236 adolescents aged 14 to 18 years from 24 school districts with data on high school shootings from the Center for Homeland Defense and Security. We conducted 2-way fixed-effects logistic regression models to assess the impact of shootings on self-report of 3 indicators of school safety: avoiding school because of feeling unsafe, carrying a weapon at school, and being threatened or injured with a weapon at school. </jats:p><jats:p> Results. High school shootings were associated with adolescents having 20% greater odds of avoiding school because of feeling unsafe (adjusted odd ratio [AOR] = 1.20; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.11, 1.29) than those who had not. Findings were slightly attenuated in sensitivity analyses that tested exposure to shootings at any school in the district or state. High school shootings were associated with a statistically nonsignificant (P = .08) elevated risk of carrying a weapon at school (AOR = 1.11; 95% CI = 0.99, 1.25). </jats:p><jats:p> Conclusions. The negative ramifications of school shootings extend far beyond the event itself to adolescents’ concerns about school safety. (Am J Public Health. 2023;113(4):438–441. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2022.307206 ) </jats:p>

<jats:p> Chelsea, Massachusetts, had one of the highest COVID-19 transmission rates in New England in the summer of 2020. The Chelsea Project was a collaborative effort in which government entities, local nonprofit organizations, and startups partnered to deploy wastewater analysis, targeted polymerase chain reaction testing and vaccine outreach, and a community-led communications strategy. The strategy helped increase both testing rates and vaccination rates in Chelsea. Today Chelsea has one of the highest vaccination rates among US cities with comparable demographics. (Am J Public Health. Published online ahead of print April 6, 2023:e1–e4. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2023.307253 ) </jats:p>

<jats:p> Objectives. To examine whether, and if so how, US national and state survey response rates changed after the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic. </jats:p><jats:p> Methods. We compared the change in response rates between 2020 and 2019 of 6 (3 social and economic, 3 health focused) major US national surveys (2 with state response rates). </jats:p><jats:p> Results. All the ongoing surveys except 1 reported relative decreases (∼29%) in response rates. For example, the household response rate to the US Census American Community Survey decreased from 86.0% in 2019 to 71.2% in 2020, and the response rate of the US National Health Interview Survey decreased from 60.0% to 42.7% from the first to the second quarter of 2020. For all surveys, the greatest decreases in response rates occurred among persons with lower income and lower education. </jats:p><jats:p> Conclusions. Socially patterned decreases in response rates pose serious challenges and must be addressed explicitly in all studies relying on data obtained since the onset of the pandemic. </jats:p><jats:p> Public Health Implications. Artifactual reduction of estimates of the magnitude of health inequities attributable to differential response rates could adversely affect efforts to reduce these inequities. (Am J Public Health. Published online ahead of print April 6, 2023:e1–e4. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2023.307267 ) </jats:p>

<jats:p> Objectives. To determine whether the 2021 Pacific Northwest heat wave resulted in excess injury (both unintentional and intentional) deaths. </jats:p><jats:p> Methods. With US death certificate data from December 29, 2013, to July 31, 2021, we generated weekly counts of injury deaths in Washington State and the rest of the country. We used time-series methods to identify excess injury deaths that may have occurred during and following the anomalously warm temperature period based on those expected from history and from simultaneous deaths in the remainder of the United States. </jats:p><jats:p> Results. Beginning the week including June 25, 2021 (heat wave initiation), 3 weeks exceeded the expected count of injury deaths in Washington State, with an estimated total of 159 excess injury deaths (95% detection interval = 122, 195) during the 3-week period. </jats:p><jats:p> Conclusions. The 2021 Pacific Northwest heat wave was associated with an increase in injury deaths. </jats:p><jats:p> Public Health Implications. Under global warming scenarios, heat waves of this magnitude will become much more common. Adaptation and planning efforts are needed to protect residents of the historically temperate Pacific Northwest for a range of health outcomes. (Am J Public Health. Published online ahead of print April 6, 2023:e1–e4. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2023.307269 ) </jats:p>