Catálogo de publicaciones - revistas

<jats:p> With increasing mpox cases in Maricopa County, Arizona, the county’s health department launched a survey on July 11, 2022, to gather eligibility and contact data and provide clinic information to those interested in JYNNEOS as postexposure prophylaxis (PEP) or expanded postexposure prophylaxis(PEP++). Survey data were matched to case and vaccination data. Overall, 343 of the 513 respondents (66.9%) who reported close contact with an mpox case patient received PEP and 1712 of the 3379 respondents (50.7%) who were unsure of their contact status received PEP++. This outreach intervention connected potential close contacts unknown to MCDPH with PEP or PEP++. (Am J Public Health. Published online ahead of print March 9, 2023:e1–e5. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2023.307224 ) </jats:p>

<jats:p> Data System. The Spanish National Seroepidemiological Survey of SARS-CoV-2 (or ENE-COVID; SARS-CoV-2 [severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2] is the causative agent of COVID-19) was funded by the Spanish Ministry of Health, the Instituto de Salud Carlos III, and the Spanish National Health System. </jats:p><jats:p> Data Collection/Processing. A stratified 2-stage probability sampling was used to select a representative cohort of the noninstitutionalized population of Spain. ENE-COVID collected longitudinal data from epidemiological questionnaires and 2 SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibody tests. From April 27 to June 22, 2020, 68 287 participants (77.0% of contacted persons) received a point-of-care test and 61 095 (68.9%) also underwent a laboratory immunoassay. A second follow-up phase was conducted between November 16 and 30, 2020. </jats:p><jats:p> Data Analysis/Dissemination. Analyses use weights to adjust for oversampling and nonresponse and account for design effects of stratification and clustering. ENE-COVID data for research purposes will be available upon request from the official study Web page. </jats:p><jats:p> Public Health Implications. ENE-COVID, a nationwide population-based study, allowed monitoring seroprevalence of antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 at the national and regional levels, providing accurate figures by gender, age (from babies to nonagenarians), and selected risk factors; characterizing symptomatic and asymptomatic infections; and estimating the infection fatality risk during the first pandemic wave. (Am J Public Health. Published online ahead of print March 9, 2023:e1–e8. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2022.307167 ) </jats:p>

<jats:p> The use of artificial intelligence (AI) in the field of telemedicine has grown exponentially over the past decade, along with the adoption of AI-based telemedicine to support public health systems. </jats:p><jats:p> Although AI-based telemedicine can open up novel opportunities for the delivery of clinical health and care and become a strong aid to public health systems worldwide, it also comes with ethical risks that should be detected, prevented, or mitigated for the responsible use of AI-based telemedicine in and for public health. However, despite the current proliferation of AI ethics frameworks, thus far, none have been developed for the design of AI-based telemedicine, especially for the adoption of AI-based telemedicine in and for public health. </jats:p><jats:p> We aimed to fill this gap by mapping the most relevant AI ethics principles for AI-based telemedicine for public health and by showing the need to revise them via major ethical themes emerging from bioethics, medical ethics, and public health ethics toward the definition of a unified set of 6 AI ethics principles for the implementation of AI-based telemedicine. (Am J Public Health. Published online ahead of print March 9, 2023:e1–e8. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2022.307225 ) </jats:p>

<jats:p> Objectives. To comprehensively catalog and review state e-cigarette delivery sales laws as well as capture their scope and dimensions. </jats:p><jats:p> Methods. We conducted an in-depth review to determine whether states had at least 1 form of e-cigarette delivery sales law. We coded laws for 5 key policy domains: (1) delivery terminology used in laws, (2) age verification requirements, (3) packaging label requirements, (4) permit or registration requirements, and (5) fines and penalties for violations. </jats:p><jats:p> Results. Overall, 34 states had e-cigarette delivery sales laws with varying scopes and dimensions. In 27 states, these laws required at least 1 form of age verification requirements. We identified mandatory packaging labels in 12 states, and 7 states where permits were required. There were considerable differences among states on the scale of fines and penalties for violations. </jats:p><jats:p> Conclusions. Our findings reveal extensive heterogeneity in e-cigarette delivery sales laws among states, particularly regarding the scope and dimensions of these laws. </jats:p><jats:p> Public Health Implications. The mapping of e-cigarette delivery sales policies showed several potential loopholes that may diminish their effectiveness. (Am J Public Health. Published online ahead of print March 9, 2023:e1–e9. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2023.307228 ) </jats:p>

<jats:p> Public libraries—trusted institutions with broad population reach—are well positioned to partner with public health departments to advance community health. In 2020 through 2022, Prince George’s County Memorial Library System assumed increasing responsibility in the local COVID-19 pandemic response by providing information and expanded services to county residents. With additional private funding, staffing, and public health resources, this library system codeveloped interventions to address information gaps, improve language access, and connect residents to more than 120 500 KN95 masks, more than 124 300 self-test kits, and more than 2400 vaccines. (Am J Public Health. Published online ahead of print March 9, 2023:e1–e4. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2023.307246 ) </jats:p>

<jats:p> Using linked birth and death certificates for participants served by a Healthy Start program in South Carolina and community controls, we found that the Healthy Start program contributed to significant improvements in prenatal care, breastfeeding initiation, and participation in the Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children and significant reductions in inadequate weight gain and large-for-gestational-age births. However, Healthy Start participants were more likely to gain excessive weight during pregnancy, and there were no significant differences in perinatal outcomes. (Am J Public Health. Published online ahead of print March 9, 2023:e1–e5. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2023.307232 ) </jats:p>

<jats:p> Objectives. To describe participant characteristics associated with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection in Spain’s first 2 COVID-19 waves per the Spanish National Seroepidemiological Survey of SARS-CoV-2 Infection (ENE–COVID). </jats:p><jats:p> Methods. A representative cohort of the noninstitutionalized Spanish population, selected through stratified 2-stage sampling, answered a questionnaire and received point-of-care testing April to June 2020 (first wave: n = 68 287); previously seronegative participants repeated the questionnaire and test November 2020 (second wave: n = 44 451). We estimated seropositivity by wave and participant characteristics, accounting for sampling weights, nonresponse, and design effects. </jats:p><jats:p> Results. We found that 6.0% (95% confidence interval [CI] = 5.7%, 6.4%) of Spain’s population was infected by June and 3.8% (95% CI = 3.5%, 4.1%) more by November 2020. Both genders were equally affected. Seroprevalence decreased with age in adults 20 years and older in the second wave; socioeconomic differences increased. Health care workers were affected at 11.1% (95% CI = 9.0%, 13.6%) and 6.1% (95% CI = 4.4%, 8.5%) in the first and second waves, respectively. Living with an infected person increased infection risk to 22.1% (95% CI = 18.9%, 25.6%) in the first and 35.0% (95% CI = 30.8%, 39.4%) in the second wave. </jats:p><jats:p> Conclusions. ENE–COVID characterized the first 2 pandemic waves, when information from surveillance systems was incomplete. (Am J Public Health. Published online ahead of print March 9, 2023:e1–e12. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2023.307233 ) </jats:p>

<jats:p> Data System. The REal-time Assessment of Community Transmission-1 (REACT-1) Study was funded by the Department of Health and Social Care in England to provide reliable and timely estimates of prevalence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection over time, by person and place. </jats:p><jats:p> Data Collection/Processing. The study team (researchers from Imperial College London and its logistics partner Ipsos) wrote to named individuals aged 5 years and older in random cross-sections of the population of England, using the National Health Service list of patients registered with a general practitioner (near-universal coverage) as a sampling frame. We collected data over 2 to 3 weeks approximately every month across 19 rounds of data collection from May 1, 2020, to March 31, 2022. </jats:p><jats:p> Data Analysis/Dissemination. We have disseminated the data and study materials widely via the study Web site, preprints, publications in peer-reviewed journals, and the media. We make available data tabulations, suitably anonymized to protect participant confidentiality, on request to the study’s data access committee. </jats:p><jats:p> Public Health Implications. The study provided inter alia real-time data on SARS-CoV-2 prevalence over time, by area, and by sociodemographic variables; estimates of vaccine effectiveness; and symptom profiles, and detected emergence of new variants based on viral genome sequencing. (Am J Public Health. Published online ahead of print March 9, 2023:e1–e10. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2023.307230 ) </jats:p>