Catálogo de publicaciones - libros
Reviews of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology: Continuation of Residue Reviews
George W. Ware ; David M. Whitacre ; Lilia A. Albert ; Pim de Voogt ; Charles P. Gerba ; O. Hutzinger ; James B. Knaak ; Foster L. Mayer ; D.P. Morgan ; Douglas L. Park ; Ronald S. Tjeerdema ; Raymond S. H. Yang ; Francis A. Gunther (eds.)
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Disponibilidad
| Institución detectada | Año de publicación | Navegá | Descargá | Solicitá |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| No detectada | 2006 | SpringerLink |
Información
Tipo de recurso:
libros
ISBN impreso
978-0-387-31911-7
ISBN electrónico
978-0-387-32964-2
Editor responsable
Springer Nature
País de edición
Reino Unido
Fecha de publicación
2006
Información sobre derechos de publicación
© Springer Science+Business Media, LLC 2006
Cobertura temática
Tabla de contenidos
Marine Halogenated Natural Products of Environmental Relevance
Walter Vetter
Polyhalogenated compounds have been used for industrial and agricultural applications for some 50 years.Variations in the degree of halogenation can change their properties in almost any desired direction, so that their application fields were diverse and production rates were high. However, the other side of the coin provided evidence that the polyhalogenated xenobiotics are serious environmental contaminants. Their detection in the environment along with the linking of their presence to adverse affects observed in the living environment was an important step toward the recognition that there is a thorough need of environmental protection.
Pp. 1-57
Heavy Metals Remediation of Water Using Plants and Lignocellulosic Agrowastes
K. K. Krishnani; S. Ayyappan
Metals in the environment arise from natural sources or directly or indirectly from human activities such as rapid industrialization, urbanization, and anthropogenic sources, threatening the environment and human health (). Mining and metallurgical activities produce wastewaters that can be considered as the major source of heavy metal contamination of natural waters (). In the United States alone, more than 50,000 metal-contaminated sites await remediation, many of them Superfund sites (). They are potential hazards to aquatic, animal, and human life because of their toxicity and bioaccumulative and nonbiodegradable nature (). Nonessential metals such as Hg, Cd, Cr, Pb,As, and Sb are toxic in their chemically combined forms as well as the elemental form ().Acute metal poisoning in humans causes severe dysfunction in the renal, reproductive, and nervous systems, and chronic exposures even at low concentrations in the environment can prove to be harmful to human health ().
Pp. 59-84
Earthworm Biomarkers in Ecological Risk Assessment
J. C. Sanchez-Hernandez
Earthworms are important components of the soil system, mainly because of their favorable effects on soil structure and function (; ). Their burrowing and feeding activities contribute notably to increased water infiltration, soil aeration, and the stabilization of soil aggregates. In addition, earthworms help to increase soil fertility by formation of an organic matter layer in topsoil. These features, among others, have led to the popularity of earthworms as excellent bioindicators of soil pollution (; ). These organisms ingest large amounts of soil, or specific fractions of soil (i.e., organic matter), thereby being continuously exposed to contaminants through their alimentary surfaces (). Moreover, several studies have shown that earthworm skin is a significant route of contaminant uptake as well (; ;).
Pp. 85-126
Using Soil Health to Assess Ecotoxicological Impacts of Pollutants on Soil Microflora
Valérie Bécaert; Louise Deschênes
The ecotoxicity testing approach allows for an overall evaluation in the measurement of pollutant impacts on soil life. Ecotoxicological evaluation takes into consideration the complexity of the contaminant mixture as well as the multiple interactions that condition bioavailability and the level of exposure to living species.The measurement of ecotoxicity is generally performed using single organisms or species. The observed toxic effects can vary in gravity and extent depending on whether they affect survival, growth, or reproduction. However, this standard method cannot easily be used to evaluate pollutant ecotoxicological impacts on a soil microbial ecosystem. Indeed, soil is a complex living system in which a microbial community is intricately related with the chemical, and physical soil components (). Moreover, the soil biological content is in itself a relatively unknown elaborate structure. Its ecotoxicological evaluation goes beyond the individuals or species responses to the presence of pollutants ().
Pp. 127-148
Adsorption of Ionisable Pesticides in Soils
M. Kah; C. D. Brown
Pesticides are intensively used in agriculture, and much effort is expended to manage and reduce possible deleterious effects on the environment.The soil compartment has a major influence on the fate and behaviour of pesticides applied to crops preemergence or early postemergence or chemicals subject to washoff from crop surfaces. Once in the soil, pesticide molecules partition between the aqueous and solid phases, which affects many other aspects of their behaviour: sorption can be rate limiting to volatilization, bioavailability (and thus efficacy and biodegradation rate), and subsurface transport. Understanding the fate of a pesticide in soil is fundamental to the accurate assessment of its environmental behaviour and vital in ensuring the safe use of new and existing products. It is also necessary to develop and validate computer simulation models for use as predictive tools in future environmental fate assessments.
Pp. 149-217