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A History of Atmospheric CO2 and Its Effects on Plants, Animals, and Ecosystem

I.T. Baldwin ; M.M. Caldwell ; G. Heldmaier ; Robert B. Jackson ; O.L. Lange ; H.A. Mooney ; E.-D. Schulze ; U. Sommer ; James R. Ehleringer ; M. Denise Dearing ; Thure E. Cerling (eds.)

Resumen/Descripción – provisto por la editorial

No disponible.

Palabras clave – provistas por la editorial

Ecology; Climate Change/Climate Change Impacts; Atmospheric Protection/Air Quality Control/Air Pollution; Atmospheric Sciences; Geoecology/Natural Processes; Plant Biochemistry

Disponibilidad
Institución detectada Año de publicación Navegá Descargá Solicitá
No detectada 2005 SpringerLink

Información

Tipo de recurso:

libros

ISBN impreso

978-0-387-22069-7

ISBN electrónico

978-0-387-27048-7

Editor responsable

Springer Nature

País de edición

Reino Unido

Fecha de publicación

Información sobre derechos de publicación

© Springer Science+Business Media, Inc. 2005

Tabla de contenidos

The Rise of Trees and How They Changed Paleozoic Atmospheric CO, Climate, and Geology

Robert A. Berner

Since the first appreciation of the widespread occurrence of acid rain in North America (), most public attention has focused on the acid component rather than effects from the associated elements in atmospheric deposition. The emphasis has been on freshwater ecosystems and forests in sensitive regions with relatively low buffering capacity. Effects of acid deposition on coastal marine ecosystems have usually not been considered, which makes sense in the context of acidity. Marine ecosystems are very well buffered, since they contain large amounts of dissolved carbonate and bicarbonate, and consequently are quite insensitive to acid inputs. Similarly, marine waters contain huge quantities of sulfate (∼ 28 mM) and thus are not sensitive at all to inputs of sulfate associated with acid deposition. On the other hand, nitrogen (N) pollution can cause severe degradation in coastal marine ecosystems, and the role of atmospheric deposition as a contributor of nitrogen to coastal waters has received increasing scrutiny over the past 15 years since Fisher and Oppenheimer (1991) noted that the nitrate anion associated with nitric acid in acid rain may be a major source of nitrogen to Chesapeake Bay.

Part 1. - The Atmospheric CO Record | Pp. 1-7

Atmospheric CO During the Late Paleozoic and Mesozoic: Estimates from Indian Soils

Prosenjit Ghosh; S.K. Bhattacharya; Parthasarathi Ghosh

Since the first appreciation of the widespread occurrence of acid rain in North America (), most public attention has focused on the acid component rather than effects from the associated elements in atmospheric deposition. The emphasis has been on freshwater ecosystems and forests in sensitive regions with relatively low buffering capacity. Effects of acid deposition on coastal marine ecosystems have usually not been considered, which makes sense in the context of acidity. Marine ecosystems are very well buffered, since they contain large amounts of dissolved carbonate and bicarbonate, and consequently are quite insensitive to acid inputs. Similarly, marine waters contain huge quantities of sulfate (∼ 28 mM) and thus are not sensitive at all to inputs of sulfate associated with acid deposition. On the other hand, nitrogen (N) pollution can cause severe degradation in coastal marine ecosystems, and the role of atmospheric deposition as a contributor of nitrogen to coastal waters has received increasing scrutiny over the past 15 years since Fisher and Oppenheimer (1991) noted that the nitrate anion associated with nitric acid in acid rain may be a major source of nitrogen to Chesapeake Bay.

Part 1. - The Atmospheric CO Record | Pp. 8-34

Alkenone-Based Estimates of Past CO Levels: A Consideration of Their Utility Based on an Analysis of Uncertainties

Katherine H. Freeman; Mark Pagani

Since the first appreciation of the widespread occurrence of acid rain in North America (), most public attention has focused on the acid component rather than effects from the associated elements in atmospheric deposition. The emphasis has been on freshwater ecosystems and forests in sensitive regions with relatively low buffering capacity. Effects of acid deposition on coastal marine ecosystems have usually not been considered, which makes sense in the context of acidity. Marine ecosystems are very well buffered, since they contain large amounts of dissolved carbonate and bicarbonate, and consequently are quite insensitive to acid inputs. Similarly, marine waters contain huge quantities of sulfate (∼ 28 mM) and thus are not sensitive at all to inputs of sulfate associated with acid deposition. On the other hand, nitrogen (N) pollution can cause severe degradation in coastal marine ecosystems, and the role of atmospheric deposition as a contributor of nitrogen to coastal waters has received increasing scrutiny over the past 15 years since Fisher and Oppenheimer (1991) noted that the nitrate anion associated with nitric acid in acid rain may be a major source of nitrogen to Chesapeake Bay.

Part 1. - The Atmospheric CO Record | Pp. 35-61

Atmospheric CO Data from Ice Cores: Four Climatic Cycles

Thomas Blunier; Eric Monnin; Jean-Marc Barnola

Since the first appreciation of the widespread occurrence of acid rain in North America (), most public attention has focused on the acid component rather than effects from the associated elements in atmospheric deposition. The emphasis has been on freshwater ecosystems and forests in sensitive regions with relatively low buffering capacity. Effects of acid deposition on coastal marine ecosystems have usually not been considered, which makes sense in the context of acidity. Marine ecosystems are very well buffered, since they contain large amounts of dissolved carbonate and bicarbonate, and consequently are quite insensitive to acid inputs. Similarly, marine waters contain huge quantities of sulfate (∼ 28 mM) and thus are not sensitive at all to inputs of sulfate associated with acid deposition. On the other hand, nitrogen (N) pollution can cause severe degradation in coastal marine ecosystems, and the role of atmospheric deposition as a contributor of nitrogen to coastal waters has received increasing scrutiny over the past 15 years since Fisher and Oppenheimer (1991) noted that the nitrate anion associated with nitric acid in acid rain may be a major source of nitrogen to Chesapeake Bay.

Part 1. - The Atmospheric CO Record | Pp. 62-82

Atmospheric CO and CO Exchange with the Terrestrial Biosphere and Oceans from 1978 to 2000: Observations and Carbon Cycle Implications

Charles D. Keeling; Stephen C. Piper; Robert B. Bacastow; Martin Wahlen; Timothy P. Whorf; Martin Heimann; Harro A. Meijer

Since the first appreciation of the widespread occurrence of acid rain in North America (), most public attention has focused on the acid component rather than effects from the associated elements in atmospheric deposition. The emphasis has been on freshwater ecosystems and forests in sensitive regions with relatively low buffering capacity. Effects of acid deposition on coastal marine ecosystems have usually not been considered, which makes sense in the context of acidity. Marine ecosystems are very well buffered, since they contain large amounts of dissolved carbonate and bicarbonate, and consequently are quite insensitive to acid inputs. Similarly, marine waters contain huge quantities of sulfate (∼ 28 mM) and thus are not sensitive at all to inputs of sulfate associated with acid deposition. On the other hand, nitrogen (N) pollution can cause severe degradation in coastal marine ecosystems, and the role of atmospheric deposition as a contributor of nitrogen to coastal waters has received increasing scrutiny over the past 15 years since Fisher and Oppenheimer (1991) noted that the nitrate anion associated with nitric acid in acid rain may be a major source of nitrogen to Chesapeake Bay.

Part 1. - The Atmospheric CO Record | Pp. 83-113

Evolutionary Responses of Land Plants to Atmospheric CO

David J. Beerling

Since the first appreciation of the widespread occurrence of acid rain in North America (), most public attention has focused on the acid component rather than effects from the associated elements in atmospheric deposition. The emphasis has been on freshwater ecosystems and forests in sensitive regions with relatively low buffering capacity. Effects of acid deposition on coastal marine ecosystems have usually not been considered, which makes sense in the context of acidity. Marine ecosystems are very well buffered, since they contain large amounts of dissolved carbonate and bicarbonate, and consequently are quite insensitive to acid inputs. Similarly, marine waters contain huge quantities of sulfate (∼ 28 mM) and thus are not sensitive at all to inputs of sulfate associated with acid deposition. On the other hand, nitrogen (N) pollution can cause severe degradation in coastal marine ecosystems, and the role of atmospheric deposition as a contributor of nitrogen to coastal waters has received increasing scrutiny over the past 15 years since Fisher and Oppenheimer (1991) noted that the nitrate anion associated with nitric acid in acid rain may be a major source of nitrogen to Chesapeake Bay.

Part 2. - Biotic Responses to Long-Term Changes in Atmospheric CO | Pp. 114-132

Cretaceous CO Decline and the Radiation and Diversification of Angiosperms

Jennifer C. McElwain; K.J. Willis; R. Lupia

Since the first appreciation of the widespread occurrence of acid rain in North America (), most public attention has focused on the acid component rather than effects from the associated elements in atmospheric deposition. The emphasis has been on freshwater ecosystems and forests in sensitive regions with relatively low buffering capacity. Effects of acid deposition on coastal marine ecosystems have usually not been considered, which makes sense in the context of acidity. Marine ecosystems are very well buffered, since they contain large amounts of dissolved carbonate and bicarbonate, and consequently are quite insensitive to acid inputs. Similarly, marine waters contain huge quantities of sulfate (∼ 28 mM) and thus are not sensitive at all to inputs of sulfate associated with acid deposition. On the other hand, nitrogen (N) pollution can cause severe degradation in coastal marine ecosystems, and the role of atmospheric deposition as a contributor of nitrogen to coastal waters has received increasing scrutiny over the past 15 years since Fisher and Oppenheimer (1991) noted that the nitrate anion associated with nitric acid in acid rain may be a major source of nitrogen to Chesapeake Bay.

Part 2. - Biotic Responses to Long-Term Changes in Atmospheric CO | Pp. 133-165

Influence of Uplift, Weathering, and Base Cation Supply on Past and Future CO Levels

Jacob R. Waldbauer; C. Page Chamberlain

Since the first appreciation of the widespread occurrence of acid rain in North America (), most public attention has focused on the acid component rather than effects from the associated elements in atmospheric deposition. The emphasis has been on freshwater ecosystems and forests in sensitive regions with relatively low buffering capacity. Effects of acid deposition on coastal marine ecosystems have usually not been considered, which makes sense in the context of acidity. Marine ecosystems are very well buffered, since they contain large amounts of dissolved carbonate and bicarbonate, and consequently are quite insensitive to acid inputs. Similarly, marine waters contain huge quantities of sulfate (∼ 28 mM) and thus are not sensitive at all to inputs of sulfate associated with acid deposition. On the other hand, nitrogen (N) pollution can cause severe degradation in coastal marine ecosystems, and the role of atmospheric deposition as a contributor of nitrogen to coastal waters has received increasing scrutiny over the past 15 years since Fisher and Oppenheimer (1991) noted that the nitrate anion associated with nitric acid in acid rain may be a major source of nitrogen to Chesapeake Bay.

Part 2. - Biotic Responses to Long-Term Changes in Atmospheric CO | Pp. 166-184

Atmospheric CO, Environmental Stress, and the Evolution of C Photosynthesis

Rowan F. Sage

Since the first appreciation of the widespread occurrence of acid rain in North America (), most public attention has focused on the acid component rather than effects from the associated elements in atmospheric deposition. The emphasis has been on freshwater ecosystems and forests in sensitive regions with relatively low buffering capacity. Effects of acid deposition on coastal marine ecosystems have usually not been considered, which makes sense in the context of acidity. Marine ecosystems are very well buffered, since they contain large amounts of dissolved carbonate and bicarbonate, and consequently are quite insensitive to acid inputs. Similarly, marine waters contain huge quantities of sulfate (∼ 28 mM) and thus are not sensitive at all to inputs of sulfate associated with acid deposition. On the other hand, nitrogen (N) pollution can cause severe degradation in coastal marine ecosystems, and the role of atmospheric deposition as a contributor of nitrogen to coastal waters has received increasing scrutiny over the past 15 years since Fisher and Oppenheimer (1991) noted that the nitrate anion associated with nitric acid in acid rain may be a major source of nitrogen to Chesapeake Bay.

Part 2. - Biotic Responses to Long-Term Changes in Atmospheric CO | Pp. 185-213

The Influence of Atmospheric CO, Temperature, and Water on the Abundance of C/C Taxa

James R. Ehleringer

Since the first appreciation of the widespread occurrence of acid rain in North America (), most public attention has focused on the acid component rather than effects from the associated elements in atmospheric deposition. The emphasis has been on freshwater ecosystems and forests in sensitive regions with relatively low buffering capacity. Effects of acid deposition on coastal marine ecosystems have usually not been considered, which makes sense in the context of acidity. Marine ecosystems are very well buffered, since they contain large amounts of dissolved carbonate and bicarbonate, and consequently are quite insensitive to acid inputs. Similarly, marine waters contain huge quantities of sulfate (∼ 28 mM) and thus are not sensitive at all to inputs of sulfate associated with acid deposition. On the other hand, nitrogen (N) pollution can cause severe degradation in coastal marine ecosystems, and the role of atmospheric deposition as a contributor of nitrogen to coastal waters has received increasing scrutiny over the past 15 years since Fisher and Oppenheimer (1991) noted that the nitrate anion associated with nitric acid in acid rain may be a major source of nitrogen to Chesapeake Bay.

Part 2. - Biotic Responses to Long-Term Changes in Atmospheric CO | Pp. 214-231