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<jats:p>The organic‐rich shale of the seventh Oil Member (Chang 7 Member for short) of the Middle‐Late Triassic Yanchang Formation is extensively distributed in the southern margin of the Ordos Basin. Understanding the palaeoenvironmental conditions during the sedimentary period of the Chang 7 Member is crucial to exploring the main factors that control the enrichment of organic matter in high‐quality source rocks. In this study, lithofacies analysis was conducted, and samples were collected from the N36 well located in the southern part of the Ordos Basin. Subsequently, element geochemical analysis was performed to reconstruct the palaeoenvironment, and total organic carbon (TOC) tests were conducted to analyse the characteristics of organic matter enrichment. The findings indicate that the sedimentary period of the Chang 7 Member was characterized by a relatively warm and humid palaeo‐climate and a brackish water environment with oxygen‐poor or sub‐oxygen‐rich conditions, and a gradual decrease in palaeo‐water depth. The parent rock types were mainly felsic igneous rock and intermediate igneous rock, which provide limited nutritional elements for primary producers. The enrichment of organic matter in the Chang 7 Member is influenced by several factors, mainly including palaeo‐salinity, palaeo‐water depth, palaeo‐redox conditions, terrestrial inputs, and palaeo‐climate. The warm and humid palaeo‐climate, higher palaeo‐productivity, relatively higher palaeo‐salinity, lower terrigenous input, deeper palaeo‐water depth, and better preservation conditions are conducive to the development of high‐quality source rock in the Chang 7 Member.</jats:p>

<jats:p>Using a multidisciplinary approach to understand the subsurface processes behind the formation of maar‐diatreme volcanoes is of growing interest. While geophysical characterization can visualize the diatreme and the feeding dike system beneath the volcano at a reasonable scale, such data are rare and generally unavailable. Stratigraphic‐controlled sampling and geochemical analysis of pyroclasts within the ejecta ring can, however, provide substantial information on dike evolution and the influence of the magmatic plumbing system on the growth of these volcanoes. Such investigation is presented here for the Barombi Mbo Maar (BMM), a complex maar of the Cameroon Volcanic Line (CVL) composed of a pile of tephra units linked to multiple explosive phases that were grouped into three eruptive episodes. Major and trace element compositions of lavas collected from the different eruptive units indicate that the erupted magmas at BMM consist mainly of basalt, trachybasalt and basanite, with Oceanic Island Basalts (OIB) and high <jats:italic>μ</jats:italic> (<jats:italic>μ</jats:italic> = <jats:sup>238</jats:sup>U/<jats:sup>204</jats:sup>Pb) (HIMU) signatures. Compositional modelling suggests that partial melting occurred at different degrees in the garnet‐to‐spinel transition zone from one episode to another. The repetition of eruptions with big gaps between them, the presence of another large adjacent old maar crater next to the 2.5 km crater of the BMM, and the overall similarity in geochemical compositions from one eruption to another suggest a deep high‐productive zone in the mantle beneath the BMM. The latter productive zone was capable of generating magma batches episodically to fuel several individual monogenetic eruptions at the same location.</jats:p>

<jats:p>Landslides lead to widespread devastation and significant loss of life in mountainous regions around the world. Susceptibility assessments can provide critical data to help decision‐makers, for example, local authorities and other organizations, mitigating the landslide risk, although the accuracy of existing studies needs to be improved. This study aims to assess landslide susceptibility in the Thua Thien Hue province of Vietnam using deep neural networks (DNNs) and swarm‐based optimization algorithms, namely Adam, stochastic gradient descent (SGD), Artificial Rabbits Optimization (ARO), Tuna Swarm Optimization (TSO), Sand Cat Swarm Optimization (SCSO), Honey Badger Algorithm (HBA), Marine Predators Algorithm (MPA) and Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO). The locations of 945 landslides occurring between 2012 and 2022, along with 14 conditioning factors, were used as input data to build the DNN and DNN‐hybrid models. The performance of the proposed models was evaluated using the statistical indices receiver operating characteristic curve, area under the curve (AUC), root mean square error, mean absolute error (MAE), <jats:italic>R</jats:italic><jats:sup>2</jats:sup> and accuracy. All proposed models had a high accuracy of prediction. The DNN‐MPA model had the highest AUC value (0.95), followed by DNN‐HBA (0.95), DNN‐ARO (0.95), DNN‐Adam (0.95), DNN‐SGD (0.95), DNN‐TSO (0.93), DNN‐PSO (0.9) and finally DNN‐SCSO (0.83). High‐precision models have identified that the majority of the western region of Thua Thien Hue province is very highly susceptible to landslides. Models like the aforementioned ones can support decision‐makers in updating large‐scale sustainable land‐use strategies.</jats:p>

<jats:p>The destruction of the North China Craton (NCC) is a well‐known dynamic event in the Mesozoic, but the western NCC, with only few magmatic activities, has lacked  studies so far. The Zijinshan alkaline complex, tectonically located at the western part of the NCC and the eastern edge of Ordos Block/Basin, is one of the most typical alkaline intrusions during the NCC destruction, and consists of monzonite, aegirine–augite syenite, nepheline syenite, pseudoleucite phonolite and trachyte porphyry. Geochronological, geochemical and in situ Sr–Nd–Hf isotopic analyses were performed on the various lithologies, in order to reveal the magma sources, petrogenesis and possible geodynamic processes. Zircon and titanite U–Pb dating shows that the Zijinshan complex was emplaced at ~130 Ma. The main rocks are enriched in light rare earth elements (LREEs) and large‐ion lithophile elements (LILEs; such as Rb, Ba, K, Sr), and depleted in heavy rare earth elements (HREEs) and high‐field‐strength elements (HFSEs; such as Th, U, Nb, Ta, Ti), without negative Eu anomaly. In addition, the obviously enriched and inhomogeneous Sr–Nd isotopic components occurred among the various lithologies, implying the primary magma of Zijinshan complex may originate from a deep mixed source. Specifically, the monzonites of Zijinshan complex come from the partial melting of the enriched lithospheric mantle with participation of crustal materials. Meanwhile, the nepheline syenites and alkaline volcanics originated from the enriched lithospheric mantle mixing with the depleted asthenosphere‐derived compositions. During the NCC destruction, continuous asthenospheric upwelling resulted in several times of mixing of melts from asthenospheric mantle, lithospheric mantle and lower crust in different proportions, and then the mixed magma of each episode migrated upward to the shallow part to form the Zijinshan pluton.</jats:p>

<jats:p>With gradually increasing global climate issues, the Energy Protection Agency (EPA) emphasizes emission reduction measures at the national and international levels. Financial globalization and green innovation are considered a solution to the low‐income problem through internalization and specialization of markets and bring technological progress and innovation through open market access. The developed nations have been using financial globalization as the main driver of economic progress. This study examines the effects of financial globalization and green innovation on energy‐related greenhouse gas emissions for G7 countries. Unlike the literature that considered carbon and overall greenhouse gas emissions, this study is novel as it specifically focuses on energy‐related emissions in developed economies. The authors use the panel data of G7 economies from 1990 to 2020. To estimate the individual effects of each explanatory variable on emissions despite the nonlinear data distribution, this study uses the novel method of moment quantile regression (MMQR) approach. The results suggested that financial globalization, income, eco‐innovation, financial risk and human capital significantly influence greenhouse gas emissions in G7 countries, where economic growth and human capital are the leading drivers of energy‐related emissions. However, green technology, financial globalization and financial risk significantly help improve the environmental quality of the region. The results suggested fruitful implications, including increased participation in global economic activities, investment in green innovation, human capital and efficient financial risk management to attain sustainable development.</jats:p>

<jats:p>This paper presents new zircon U–Pb–Hf isotopic and whole‐rock geochemical data for early Paleozoic–early Mesozoic igneous rocks from the Zhangguangcai Range, which are used to provide constraints on the petrogenesis and tectonic setting of these rocks and on the tectonic evolution of the eastern Songnen Massif. We dated five igneous rocks from the Zhangguangcai Range of the eastern Songnen Massif, namely, a late Cambrian (~489 Ma) syenogranite, a middle Silurian (~431 Ma) dacite, a Middle Triassic (~247 Ma) gabbro‐diorite and two Late Triassic (214–210 Ma) rhyolites. The late Cambrian syenogranite, middle Silurian dacite and Late Triassic rhyolites have high SiO<jats:sub>2</jats:sub> and (Na<jats:sub>2</jats:sub>O + K<jats:sub>2</jats:sub>O) contents and low Mg<jats:sup>#</jats:sup> values. These four rocks are enriched in light rare earth elements (LREEs) and large‐ion lithophile elements (LILEs) but depleted in heavy REEs (HREEs) and high‐field‐strength elements (HFSEs). In addition, the εHf(t) values and T<jats:sub>DM2</jats:sub> ages of zircons from these rocks range from −1.31 to +5.88 and from 1264 to 896 Ma, respectively. These data suggest that their primary magma was derived from partial melting of the juvenile mafic lower crust that was generated during the Mesoproterozoic–Neoproterozoic. The Middle Triassic gabbro‐diorite has low SiO<jats:sub>2</jats:sub> and high MgO, Sc, Co, Cr and Ni contents and is enriched in LILEs and LREEs but depleted in HREEs and HFSEs such as Nb and Ta. Combining these features with the zircon εHf(t) values of the gabbro‐diorite, which range from +0.02 to +1.79, the primary magma of this rock is inferred to have been derived from partial melting of an isotopically depleted lithospheric mantle. The late Cambrian syenogranites and the middle Silurian dacites are weakly peraluminous and are classified as medium‐ to high‐K calc‐alkaline series, indicating that they formed in an active‐continental‐margin setting. The Middle–Late Triassic igneous rocks exhibit a bimodal igneous rock association, suggesting that they formed within an extensional environment. Combining our new results with previous findings, the early Paleozoic–early Mesozoic tectonic evolution of the eastern Songnen Massif is revealed. During the early Cambrian–early Silurian, the oceanic plate between the southern Songnen and southern Jiamusi massifs subducted westward beneath the Songnen Massif. The amalgamation between the southern Songnen and southern Jiamusi massifs occurred during the middle Silurian, and the southeastern Songnen Massif was in a post‐collisional extensional setting during the Devonian. During the late Carboniferous–Triassic, the Zhangguangcai Range was in an extensional environment, and the Mudanjiang Ocean started to open along the Jiayin–Mudanjiang Fault, separating the Songnen and Jiamusi massifs during the Middle–Late Triassic.</jats:p>

<jats:p>Based on field and laboratory studies of the rock massifs in South Yakutia using remote earth sensing technologies, methods of scanning electron microscopy, X‐ray 3D tomography, lithological‐mineralogical and optical‐petrographic studies, quantitative data on the intensity of cryogenesis of granites and gneisses in this area were obtained. A 16%–20% increase in the fracturing of rocks at the near‐surface part of the rock massif was shown to have occurred over a 10‐year period; during this time, vertical landforms, represented by granites and gneisses, retreated at a rate of 3 mm per year. However, no variations in the chemical and mineral composition of these rock types were identified over the study period.</jats:p>

<jats:p>This study assesses the physical and optical properties and estimated the radiative forcing of aerosol at Agra over the Indo‐Gangetic Basin (IGB) during July 2016–December 2019 using black carbon (BC) mass concentration (AE‐33 aethalometer), data sets from satellite and model simulations. The optical properties of aerosol and radiative forcing have been measured by the Optical and Physical Properties of Aerosols and Clouds (OPAC) and Santa Barbara Discrete Ordinate Radiative Transfer Atmospheric Radiative Transfer (SBDART) model. The high BC mass concentration has been observed in November and lowest in August. An adverse meteorological condition due to a combination of temperature and low wind speed results in poor dispersion in the wintertime is a common factor for high concentration level pollutants over Agra. The diurnal and temporal cycle of BC mass concentration exhibits a high concentration at nighttime due to the lower atmospheric boundary layer. The seasonal variation of absorption coefficient (β<jats:sub>abs</jats:sub>) and Absorption Angstrom Exponent (AAE) is found to be higher during post‐monsoon and lowest in monsoon season. This suggests that black carbon concentration over Agra is mainly generated from crop burning, waste burning, automobile exhaust and long‐range transport from Punjab and Haryana as the present site is downwind. OPAC‐derived aerosol optical depth (AOD), single‐scattering albedo (SSA), Angstrom Exponent (AE) and asymmetry parameter (AsyP) were estimated to be 0.57 ± 0.07, 0.78 ± 0.16, 0.99 ± 0.21 and 0.81 ± 0.15, respectively. AOD and AE from the OPAC and the moderate resolution imaging spectroradiometer (MODIS) have shown the consistent relationship. The mean radiative forcing is 18.3 ± 2.1 W m<jats:sup>−2</jats:sup> at the top of the atmosphere while, at the surface, net radiative forcing is −42.4 ± 7.2 and 59.1 ± 6.5 W m<jats:sup>−2</jats:sup> at the atmosphere during the study period. Vertical profiles were estimated using the observations from Cloud‐Aerosol Lidar and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observation (CALIPSO) satellite and the change in heating rate from the SBDART model over Agra.</jats:p>

<jats:p>The topic of energy efficiency and environmental quality is quickly becoming one of the most pressing concerns facing the globe today. The linkage between energy efficiency and high environmental quality standards has significant repercussions for the long‐term viability of the ecosystem. The prime objective of this study is to explore the nexus between sustainable energy efficiency, green energy and energy‐related emissions. Energy efficiency has the potential to be a key tool in the pursuit of environmental sustainability. This study investigates the dynamic relationships between energy efficiency and energy‐related greenhouse gases (GHG) in developed countries from 1990 to 2020. Using advanced econometric approaches, the results argue that energy efficiency, globalization and greener energy adoption are helpful for the reduction of GHG emissions in developed countries. Moreover, economic growth increases GHG emissions in developed countries. Furthermore, we find a bidirectional causality of energy‐related greenhouse gas emissions with energy efficiency, income and globalization. The study results guide policymakers on the policies they can implement apropos greener energies and enforce to ensure sustainable development.</jats:p>

<jats:p>As Nigeria progresses towards reaching net‐zero emissions by 2060, it is crucial to identify the factors responsible for environmental deterioration and those that enhance ecological well‐being. It is equally significant to emphasize that Nigeria's economy is heavily dependent on fossil fuels, which have proven unsustainable and environmentally unsafe. As a result, this research investigates the impact of energy intensity (EINT), renewable energy consumption (RENC), globalization (GLOX), technological innovation (TINV) and carbon dioxide emissions (CO<jats:sub>2</jats:sub>) in Nigeria from 1990Q1–2019Q4. The methods employed include Quantile–on–Quantile (QQ) and non–parametric causality. The QQ method reveals that EINT has both positive and negative impacts on CO<jats:sub>2</jats:sub>, varying in magnitude from 3 to −5. Higher quantiles of RENC tend to influence CO<jats:sub>2</jats:sub> positively, whereas the lower quantile has a negative impact. Negative shocks of GLOX on CO<jats:sub>2</jats:sub> have less impact, with a maximum magnitude of −1 at the upper quantile of CO<jats:sub>2</jats:sub>. In contrast, the positive shocks seem to have a stronger impact and vary in magnitude. TINV has negative shocks across all quantiles. In addition, a significant causality is observed in the upper, middle and lower quantiles. This study suggests that policymakers should implement policies encouraging investments in renewable energy and green technologies.</jats:p>