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<jats:p>Footing on slope is a prevalent construction encountered in geotechnical engineering, and its safety is receiving increased attention. A natural rainfall event will inevitably have adverse influences on the stability and bearing capacity of strip footings lying on slopes; however, the conventional practice to simulate the rainfall is realized by varying the soil moisture content and the actual rainfall characteristics cannot be fully reflected. As a result, the finite element (FE) software ABAQUS is employed in this study to model the temporally varying rainfall, and the bearing capacity, as well as failure mode of the strip footing placed at the top of slopes, is estimated accordingly. A series of FE analyses are carried out to quantify the influences of rainfall pattern, rainfall intensity, soil strength properties (i.e., effective cohesion <jats:italic>c</jats:italic>′ and effective friction angle <jats:italic>φ</jats:italic>′) and several geometric parameters associated with the location of embedded footing with <jats:italic>B</jats:italic> in width, such as the edge distance ratio <jats:italic>L</jats:italic>/<jats:italic>B</jats:italic> and the embedded depth ratio <jats:italic>D</jats:italic>/<jats:italic>B</jats:italic>. Results show that the bearing capacity will be decreased and the failure mode evidently changes under rainfall condition. Moreover, it is noted that the rainfall pattern produces less substantial impact on the bearing capacity and failure mode, compared with the rainfall intensity.</jats:p>

<jats:p>Based on quantitative changes in the Maastrichtian planktic foraminiferal species distribution patterns from the Elles section (central Tunisia), δ<jats:sup>13</jats:sup>C, δ<jats:sup>18</jats:sup>O‐based palaeotemperature and inferred proxies (species diversity, ecological associations, and depth ranking), the palaeoenvironment is inferred. Based on Constrained Clustering and corroborated by Non‐metric Multidimensional Scaling (NMDS), four statistically significant intervals are identified. Interval 1 (lower–middle part of CF5 Zone) is marked by a warm, oligotrophic, stable, and well‐stratified upper water column. Interval 2 (upper part of CF5 Zone), here designated as the pre‐Mid‐Maastrichtian Event (MME) event, is marked by stressed, warmer, moderately mesotrophic, and weakly stratified surface waters with an unstable upper water column. Interval 3 (CF4 Zone) encompasses the MME and is marked by warm, stable, mesotrophic surface waters with a moderately well‐stratified upper water column. The upper part of Interval 3, designated as post‐MME, is also marked by mesotrophic conditions, but with increased surface water warming, unstable and stressed conditions. Interval 4 (CF3–CF1 zones) shows the effects of the Indian Deccan volcanism, and is marked by warmer surface waters, mesotrophic, unstable, stressed environmental conditions, with a weakly‐stratified upper water column.</jats:p>