Catálogo de publicaciones - revistas

<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title><jats:p>Complex agroforestry systems are suggested as a possible solution to reduce the effects of deforestation in the tropics while enhancing the livelihoods of local human populations. Coffee (<jats:italic>Coffea</jats:italic> spp.) is one of the most important commodity crops in the world that can easily be cultivated in complex agroforestry systems. Coffee agroforestry systems usually sustain higher biodiversity levels than sun-exposed fields while keeping similar levels of productivity considering the several benefits of growing coffee under a complex system. We aim to explore the richness and abundance of invertebrates in coffee home gardens in West Java, Indonesia by comparing 14 sun-exposed and 14 shade-grown gardens. We collected data in March/April 2019 via pitfall traps, pan traps, and beating tray in each field. We ran generalised linear models to assess whether the number of species and the number of individuals of insects differed between sun-exposed vs. shade-grown coffee gardens, and tested associations between main taxa. Overall, there was no difference in the richness (sun-exposed: 19.86 ± SE1.19; shade-grown: 19.71 ± SE1.19; Z-value = 0.12, <jats:italic>p </jats:italic>value = 0.904) and abundance (sun-exposed: 141.93 ± SE 3.18; shade-grown: 139.93 ± SE3.16; Z-value = 0.35, <jats:italic>p </jats:italic>value = 0.706) of invertebrates in coffee gardens, although taxa specific differences were present. Sun-exposed fields had a higher abundance of invertebrates considered as pests (Blattodea: Rhinotermitidae, Ectobiidae; Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae, Lycidae and Tenebrionidae; Diptera: Anisolabididae, Drosophilidae and Sarcophagidae). <jats:italic>Camponotus</jats:italic> spp. were the most dominant ants in shade-grown gardens while <jats:italic>Dolichoderus</jats:italic> spp. and <jats:italic>Myrmicaria</jats:italic> spp. were more abundant in sun-exposed gardens. Despite the fact that sun-exposed coffee fields registered higher abundance of invertebrate pests than shade-grown coffee fields, the richness of invertebrates did not substantially vary between sun-exposed and shade-grown coffee, suggesting that the matrix of gardens offers advanced ecosystem services. It is important to keep the complexity of agroforestry systems that provide key habitats for biodiversity.</jats:p>

<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title><jats:p>Both agronomic practices and spatial position can determine the assemblage of herbaceous species. We assess the dynamics and the contribution of these two aspects over time to the herb assemblages of different cocoa production systems. <jats:italic>Braun-Blanquet</jats:italic> surveys were performed over seven years in a long-term trial in Bolivia to compare different cocoa production systems: successional agroforestry (SA) with no external inputs, organic agroforestry (OA) and organic monoculture (OM), both including a leguminous perennial cover crop, conventional agroforestry (CA) and conventional monoculture (CM), where agrochemicals were applied. Using general linear models and multivariate analysis we found that assemblages were mainly driven by spatial position only at the beginning. After this, a very dynamic selection process related to the different management practices took place, which became more stable over the years. We observed a decline in species in both the CA and OA systems, due to the loss of heliophilous species and the low number of new species established in them. The OM presented the most conservative pattern, with the lowest number of new species and species lost, due to the presence of the cover crop. Both the most intensively managed system (CM) and the most diverse and least intensive one (SA) had the highest number of new species recorded over time, which led to highly specialized assemblages, with worldwide distributed and herbicide resistant species in the first case and secondary forest species, in the second. We conclude that the promotion of organic management and agroforestry systems, especially highly divers and successional agroforestry sytems would favour herb assemblages with high conservation value and prevent the establishment of globally distributed species.</jats:p>