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<jats:p>Enhanced ion transport is achieved by chemically induced structural distortion</jats:p>

<jats:p> Highlights from the <jats:italic>Science</jats:italic> family of journals </jats:p>

<jats:p>Editors’ selections from the current scientific literature</jats:p>

<jats:p>Transparency in animals is a complex form of camouflage involving mechanisms that reduce light scattering and absorption throughout the organism. In vertebrates, attaining transparency is difficult because their circulatory system is full of red blood cells (RBCs) that strongly attenuate light. Here, we document how glassfrogs overcome this challenge by concealing these cells from view. Using photoacoustic imaging to track RBCs in vivo, we show that resting glassfrogs increase transparency two- to threefold by removing ~89% of their RBCs from circulation and packing them within their liver. Vertebrate transparency thus requires both see-through tissues and active mechanisms that “clear” respiratory pigments from these tissues. Furthermore, glassfrogs’ ability to regulate the location, density, and packing of RBCs without clotting offers insight in metabolic, hemodynamic, and blood-clot research.</jats:p>

<jats:p>Advances in solid-state batteries have primarily been driven by the discovery of superionic conducting structural frameworks that function as solid electrolytes. We demonstrate the ability of high-entropy metal cation mixes to improve ionic conductivity in a compound, which leads to less reliance on specific chemistries and enhanced synthesizability. The local distortions introduced into high-entropy materials give rise to an overlapping distribution of site energies for the alkali ions so that they can percolate with low activation energy. Experiments verify that high entropy leads to orders-of-magnitude higher ionic conductivities in lithium (Li)–sodium (Na) superionic conductor (Li-NASICON), sodium NASICON (Na-NASICON), and Li-garnet structures, even at fixed alkali content. We provide insight into selecting the optimal distortion and designing high-entropy superionic conductors across the vast compositional space.</jats:p>

<jats:p> The capacity of transition metals to bind and transform carbon monoxide (CO) is critical to its use in many chemical processes as a sustainable, inexpensive C1 building block. By contrast, only few s- and p-block element compounds bind and activate CO, and conversion of CO into useful carbonyl-containing organic compounds in such cases remains elusive. We report that metalated phosphorus ylides provide facile access to ketenyl anions ([RC=C=O] <jats:sup>–</jats:sup> ) by phosphine displacement with CO. These anions are very stable and storable reagents with a distinctive electronic structure between that of the prototypical ketene (H <jats:sub>2</jats:sub> C=C=O) and that of ethynol (HC≡C–OH). Nonetheless, the ketenyl anions selectively react with a range of electrophiles at the carbon atom, thus offering high-yielding and versatile access to ketenes and related compounds. </jats:p>