Catálogo de publicaciones - revistas

<jats:p>In fruit flies, genes that help to program germ cells also play a role in a brain cancer.</jats:p>

<jats:p>An astronomer launched the field of observational cosmology and influenced our view of the universe over the past half-century.</jats:p>

<jats:p>Two online projects offer one-stop shopping for teaching evolution, as well as the nature and process of science.</jats:p>

<jats:p> A monthly roundup of recent news and projects of <jats:italic>Science</jats:italic> 's publisher, the American Association for the Advancement of Science. </jats:p>

<jats:title>A Gutsy Analysis</jats:title> <jats:p> Efforts to sequence the human microbiome—the genomes of all the microbes that inhabit our bodies—have demonstrated its enormous diversity. Analyses to probe the various functions of the microbiota, particularly of those that reside in the gut, have revealed that our microbiota has a profound impact on the development and function of our immune systems. <jats:bold>Lee and Mazmanian</jats:bold> (p. <jats:related-article xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" ext-link-type="doi" page="1768" related-article-type="in-this-issue" vol="330" xlink:href="10.1126/science.1195568">1768</jats:related-article> ) review how the microbiota influences the development of the adaptive immune system. Specific species and families of microbiota support the differentiation of particular populations of T cells, and alterations in intestinal microbiota affect the development of inflammation and autoimmunity. </jats:p>

<jats:p>Alzheimer’s disease is associated with reduced β-amyloid clearance from the brain</jats:p>

<jats:title>From Genome to Regulatory Networks</jats:title> <jats:p> For biologists, having a genome in hand is only the beginning—much more investigation is still needed to characterize how the genome is used to help to produce a functional organism (see the Perspective by <jats:bold> <jats:related-article xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" ext-link-type="doi" issue="6012" page="1758" related-article-type="in-this-issue" vol="330" xlink:href="10.1126/science.1200700">Blaxter</jats:related-article> </jats:bold> ). In this vein, <jats:bold> Gerstein <jats:italic>et al.</jats:italic> </jats:bold> (p. <jats:related-article xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" ext-link-type="doi" page="1775" related-article-type="in-this-issue" vol="330" xlink:href="10.1126/science.1196914">1775</jats:related-article> ) summarize for the <jats:italic>Caenorhabditis elegans</jats:italic> genome, and <jats:bold>The modENCODE Consortium</jats:bold> (p. <jats:related-article xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" ext-link-type="doi" page="1787" related-article-type="in-this-issue" vol="330" xlink:href="10.1126/science.1198374">1787</jats:related-article> ) summarize for the <jats:italic>Drosophila melanogaster</jats:italic> genome, full transcriptome analyses over developmental stages, genome-wide identification of transcription factor binding sites, and high-resolution maps of chromatin organization. Both studies identified regions of the nematode and fly genomes that show highly occupied targets (or HOT) regions where DNA was bound by more than 15 of the transcription factors analyzed and the expression of related genes were characterized. Overall, the studies provide insights into the organization, structure, and function of the two genomes and provide basic information needed to guide and correlate both focused and genome-wide studies. </jats:p>

<jats:title>From Genome to Regulatory Networks</jats:title> <jats:p> For biologists, having a genome in hand is only the beginning—much more investigation is still needed to characterize how the genome is used to help to produce a functional organism (see the Perspective by <jats:bold> <jats:related-article xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" ext-link-type="doi" issue="6012" page="1758" related-article-type="in-this-issue" vol="330" xlink:href="10.1126/science.1200700">Blaxter</jats:related-article> </jats:bold> ). In this vein, <jats:bold> Gerstein <jats:italic>et al.</jats:italic> </jats:bold> (p. <jats:related-article xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" ext-link-type="doi" page="1775" related-article-type="in-this-issue" vol="330" xlink:href="10.1126/science.1196914">1775</jats:related-article> ) summarize for the <jats:italic>Caenorhabditis elegans</jats:italic> genome, and <jats:bold>The modENCODE Consortium</jats:bold> (p. <jats:related-article xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" ext-link-type="doi" page="1787" related-article-type="in-this-issue" vol="330" xlink:href="10.1126/science.1198374">1787</jats:related-article> ) summarize for the <jats:italic>Drosophila melanogaster</jats:italic> genome, full transcriptome analyses over developmental stages, genome-wide identification of transcription factor binding sites, and high-resolution maps of chromatin organization. Both studies identified regions of the nematode and fly genomes that show highly occupied targets (or HOT) regions where DNA was bound by more than 15 of the transcription factors analyzed and the expression of related genes were characterized. Overall, the studies provide insights into the organization, structure, and function of the two genomes and provide basic information needed to guide and correlate both focused and genome-wide studies. </jats:p>

<jats:title>Fuel from Heat</jats:title> <jats:p> Plants grow by using energy from the Sun to convert carbon dioxide into sugar-based polymers and aromatics. These compounds in turn can be stripped of their oxygen, either through millennia of underground degradation to yield fossil fuels, or through a rather more rapid process of dissolution, fermentation, and hydrogenation to yield biofuels. Can we use sunlight to turn CO <jats:sub>2</jats:sub> into hydrocarbon fuel without relying on the intervening steps of plant growth and breakdown? <jats:bold> Chueh <jats:italic>et al.</jats:italic> </jats:bold> (p. <jats:related-article xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" ext-link-type="doi" page="1797" related-article-type="in-this-issue" vol="330" xlink:href="10.1126/science.1197834">1797</jats:related-article> ) demonstrate one possible approach, in which concentrated sunlight heats cerium oxide to a sufficiently high temperature (∼1500°C) to liberate some oxygen from its lattice. The material then readily strips O atoms from either water or CO <jats:sub>2</jats:sub> , yielding hydrogen or CO, which can then be combined to form fuels. </jats:p>

<jats:title>In a Spin Hall</jats:title> <jats:p> The spin Hall effect, in which an electrical current causes accumulation of electron spins of opposite signs in the direction transverse to the current flow, provides a promising avenue of research in exploiting the spin degree of freedom in electronic devices. However, implementing the effect in a device is challenging. <jats:bold> Wunderlich <jats:italic>et al.</jats:italic> </jats:bold> (p. <jats:related-article xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" ext-link-type="doi" page="1801" related-article-type="in-this-issue" vol="330" xlink:href="10.1126/science.1195816">1801</jats:related-article> ) combine the concept of the spin Hall effect with that of a spin transistor, and build a nonmagnetic device in a which a spin current, injected by optical means, is “stripped” of its charge component, goes through a spin-modulation layer, and is detected using the inverse spin Hall effect. Such manipulation of the spin current may help in future spintronic applications. </jats:p>