Catálogo de publicaciones - libros

Research on the prevention of alcohol abuse in America has only recently begun to consider the needs of special populations. This chapter will consider alcohol prevention as a function of four major special population divisions: gender, ethnicity, region (population density), and socioeconomic status. Specific ethnic groups examined will include Hispanics, African-Americans, Asian-Americans, and Native Americans. In general, there is some support for the utility of current alcohol prevention approaches on special populations. Much population-specific work completed to date has not been rigorously designed or evaluated, though it appears likely that partnering with population gatekeepers and showing cultural respect and sensitivity to the population, and providing material that is relevant to the population's adaptation to their environment are essential.

Research on the prevention of alcohol abuse in America has only recently begun to consider the needs of special populations. This chapter will consider alcohol prevention as a function of four major special population divisions: gender, ethnicity, region (population density), and socioeconomic status. Specific ethnic groups examined will include Hispanics, African-Americans, Asian-Americans, and Native Americans. In general, there is some support for the utility of current alcohol prevention approaches on special populations. Much population-specific work completed to date has not been rigorously designed or evaluated, though it appears likely that partnering with population gatekeepers and showing cultural respect and sensitivity to the population, and providing material that is relevant to the population's adaptation to their environment are essential.

This chapter reviews findings, mainly obtained from the selectively bred alcohol-preferring (P) line of rats, on (a) the development of alcohol drinking during the peri-adolescent period, (b) neurobiological factors that may contribute to adolescent drinking, (c) interventions to prevent alcohol drinking during adolescence, and (d) some long-lasting consequences of adolescent alcohol drinking. The findings indicate that P rats readily initiate alcohol drinking during the early post-weaning, adolescent and peri-adolescent periods of development. The early age-of-onset of alcohol drinking in the P compared to the NP line is associated with (a) higher densities of serotonin-lA (5-HT1IA) receptors in cerebral cortical and hippocampal regions; (b) lower densities of dopamine (DA) D2 receptors in the ventral tegmental area (VTA); (c) higher functional activity in several limbic, cortical and hippocampal regions; and (d) sensitivity to the low-dose stimulating effect of ethanol. Conditioned taste aversion (CTA) training during adolescence produces long-term effects on preventing high alcohol drinking behavior of P rats. Alcohol drinking during peri-adolescence by P rats produces long-lasting effects that increase the acquisition of ethanol self-administration in adulthood, and, in addition, increase craving-like behavior and the potential for alcohol relapse. With suitable animal models, a better understanding of the mechanisms underlying adolescent alcohol drinking and its long-range consequences can be attained.

Experimentation with alcohol and other drugs (AOD) is commonplace among American adolescents. Despite reduction efforts, the use of AOD by adolescents has increased over the past decade. A number of youth experience significant negative personal, societal, economic, and health ramifications, but continue to abuse AOD and develop substance use disorders (SUD). Accurate assessment of adolescent AOD use is essential in determining the prevalence of SUDs, the development of effective interventions, and the implementation of beneficial prevention initiatives. Developmental considerations are significant factors in the validity of youth AOD assessment and are detailed in this chapter.

Experimentation with alcohol and other drugs (AOD) is commonplace among American adolescents. Despite reduction efforts, the use of AOD by adolescents has increased over the past decade. A number of youth experience significant negative personal, societal, economic, and health ramifications, but continue to abuse AOD and develop substance use disorders (SUD). Accurate assessment of adolescent AOD use is essential in determining the prevalence of SUDs, the development of effective interventions, and the implementation of beneficial prevention initiatives. Developmental considerations are significant factors in the validity of youth AOD assessment and are detailed in this chapter.

Comorbid psychiatric disorders and drug use disorders (DUDs) are common among adolescents with alcohol use disorders (AUDs). These comorbid disorders have a large potential significance on the clinical course of the AUDs among adolescents, and can predict a shorter time to relapse of alcohol use. The use of medication for treatment of the various comorbid adolescent populations has increased dramatically in recent years, despite the lack of double-blind, placebo-controlled studies that demonstrate their safety and efficacy. Consequently, to date, no empirically proven treatment exists for most of these comorbid disorders. This chapter reviews the state of the art regarding the treatment of comorbid adolescents. This chapter also identifies gaps in knowledge regarding the treatment of comorbid adolescents, and outlines directions for future research in this field.

Research on the prevention of alcohol abuse in America has only recently begun to consider the needs of special populations. This chapter will consider alcohol prevention as a function of four major special population divisions: gender, ethnicity, region (population density), and socioeconomic status. Specific ethnic groups examined will include Hispanics, African-Americans, Asian-Americans, and Native Americans. In general, there is some support for the utility of current alcohol prevention approaches on special populations. Much population-specific work completed to date has not been rigorously designed or evaluated, though it appears likely that partnering with population gatekeepers and showing cultural respect and sensitivity to the population, and providing material that is relevant to the population's adaptation to their environment are essential.

Research on the prevention of alcohol abuse in America has only recently begun to consider the needs of special populations. This chapter will consider alcohol prevention as a function of four major special population divisions: gender, ethnicity, region (population density), and socioeconomic status. Specific ethnic groups examined will include Hispanics, African-Americans, Asian-Americans, and Native Americans. In general, there is some support for the utility of current alcohol prevention approaches on special populations. Much population-specific work completed to date has not been rigorously designed or evaluated, though it appears likely that partnering with population gatekeepers and showing cultural respect and sensitivity to the population, and providing material that is relevant to the population's adaptation to their environment are essential.

Experimentation with alcohol and other drugs (AOD) is commonplace among American adolescents. Despite reduction efforts, the use of AOD by adolescents has increased over the past decade. A number of youth experience significant negative personal, societal, economic, and health ramifications, but continue to abuse AOD and develop substance use disorders (SUD). Accurate assessment of adolescent AOD use is essential in determining the prevalence of SUDs, the development of effective interventions, and the implementation of beneficial prevention initiatives. Developmental considerations are significant factors in the validity of youth AOD assessment and are detailed in this chapter.