Catálogo de publicaciones - libros

This paper focuses on validating the performance of virtual interactive design (VID) environment with dynamic ergonomics analysis. Previous studies have only validated VID for posture-based static ergonomics analysis, and applied the methodology on several studies. While since dynamic information is important for ergonomics analysis, this study will investigate the performance of VID environment for ergonomics analysis considering dynamic information such as velocity, which uses motion instead of posture as analysis target.

Electronics packaging plays a crucial role in the manufacturing of advanced microelectronics, with an increased interest in technology that produces greater power functionality in smaller spaces. The recent advances in this field have led to advanced manufacturing techniques, with the insertion of components in the micro- and nano-scales. In particular, the microlithography panel printer uses photolithography to create fine image patterns through reticles on substrate boards. The need for advanced features, updated software skills, and the high cost of human error places an increasing requirement for more efficient operator training at a reduced financial investment. Therefore, this research demonstrates the usefulness of virtual reality in modeling the microlithography machine using high fidelity simulations for training purposes. The development process and the structure of the training simulator is presented, with an outline of its effectiveness in supporting training needs, and a description of its reliability assessment through validation and testing.

Early integration of ergonomics in the vehicle design process requires appropriate CAD tools. 15 years ago, the German car industry developed a new, three-dimensional tool for computer-aided ergonomics and occupant packaging, called RAMSIS. Its goal was to overcome the limitations of two-dimensional human templates, as well as to provide methods for predicting driver postures and comfort. The core of RAMSIS is a highly accurate three-dimensional human model that can be made to simulate occupants with a large variety of body dimensions and based on anthropometry databases from around the worldExtensive research was conducted on driver postures and comfort, which resulted in a probability-based posture prediction model. No subjective manikin manipulation by the user is necessary, so that fast, realistic and consistent analysis results are ensured at all times. An assessment of comfort allows designers to optimize packages with respect to driver comfort early in the design process. RAMSIS offers a number of other analysis tools, for example for vision, reach, force and seat belt studies. Over the years, new research projects have resulted in more sophisticated RAMSIS functions, such as a force-based posture and comfort prediction model, seat belt certification, compatibility with full body laser scanners, simulation of the interaction between seat and occupant and simulation of ingress and egress.

Recent collaborative efforts between Greenville Technical College’s Aviation Maintenance Technology (Greenville, South Carolina, USA) training facility and Clemson University (Clemson, South Carolina, USA) have lead to significant improvements in Aviation Maintenance Technician training through the use of advanced computer technology. Such applications included: 2.5D and 3D virtual environments of a large-bodied aircraft cargobay with interaction modalities ranging from fully immersive (using a head-mounted display and 6 degrees-of-freedom mouse) to semi-immersive (using a spatially-tracked suspended, touch-sensitive window display) to non-immersive (using a basic desktop computer and mouse); and 3D virtual environments of turbine engine blades where nondestructive inspection methods (e.g. borescoping) could be practiced. This paper discusses the integration of these technologies into an existing educational curriculum and provides insight as to how such programs might be implemented and evaluated.

The development of the experimental Remote Tower Operation Human Machine Interface and the new Remote-Controller work position is supported by a cognitive work and task analysis (CWA) of the presently existing work environment and decision processes at airport Leipzig. This paper presents a formal approach for the description of the whole Human Machine System. It is shown how the results of a cognitive work analysis on a medium size airport are transferred into a formal executable human machine model for simulating the controllers work processes in relation to the airport processes. The model is implemented with Colored Petri Nets. The mathematical basis of Petri Nets allows a formal analysis of whole systems. Critical system states and inconsistencies in the human machine system are identified through comparison of knowledge states of the controllers with process states of the airport system by using State Space analysis. The represented formal work process model provides a valuable support for the communication between domain experts and system developers.

With the increasing of traffic complexity, traffic simulation becomes an important approach to deal with the complicated traffic problems; meanwhile, system modeling plays a more and more important role in the simulation systems. Cellular automata provide a simple discrete deterministic mathematical model for physical, biological, and computational systems and are shown to be capable of complicated behavior and generate complex and random patterns, which are very suitable for the description of complicate traffic environment [7]. A simulation model based on agent technology, HLA/RTI technology and expanded cellular automaton is presented in this paper. The simulation model makes the platform expandable and flexible, at the same time, it can provide high-capable computing resources to solve the complex traffic issues. In the traffic entity model aspects, the expanded cellular automata and agent technology were adopted to model the behaviors of passengers, vehicles, traffic signal lights and so on. The optimal scheme for evacuation of traffic disaster, superintendence of large scale activities and design of traffic environment will be obtained through the simulation model.

According to ergonomics factors referred by airplane design department and corresponding standards, structure and function of ergonomics evaluation system of 3D cockpit was designed. Digital human model, based on anthropometry database, comprises 66 segments, 65 joints and 131 degree of freedom. The ergonomics design of man-machine interface can be evaluated in terms of vision, reach and working posture comfort analysis methods and evaluation rules. Interior and exterior visual field of pilot can be achieved with the aid of vision analysis. The comfort of working posture and joints motion can be assessed by reference to joint angles for any selected posture. The details regarding system implementation with technology of OpenGL are discussed at last. The system can be computer-aided tool for airplane designer considering its convenience in using excellent model data interface with other 3D software.

This paper presents a novel cloth-body collision detection method by using the generalized cross-sectional contour technique, which has two main steps. During preprocessing step, the so-called skin hierarchical structure (Skin-H) of the body is constructed by using the improved generalized cross-sectional contour technique, which doesn’t need to be updated in subsequent step. During runtime step, the cloth vertices are projected onto Skin-H structure efficiently, and then the exact collision detection can be done by a ray-triangle test technique at the lowest level of the structure. The simulation result demonstrates that the proposed method has some advantages in algorithm’s efficiency, accuracy as well as practicability.