Catálogo de publicaciones - libros

The purposes of this study are to manufacture a flat pattern according to silhouettes through the Surface Flattening process of a triangle by the grid method, and to verify the result to present the method for manufacturing patterns according to designs. Based on the data measured by Size Korea, this study modeled a representative figure ranging from 18 year-old to 24 year-old female, modified the modeled body shapes to a semi-fit silhouette and loose-fit silhouette and did the surface flattening development. We manufactured patterns according to silhouettes and analyzed the area differences between 3D-piece and flat patterns and the deviation between a muslin scan data manufactured by a flat pattern and modeled data. The result of the surface flattening development by the method can be utilized for manufacturing garment patterns by converting a 3D scan data into 2D pattern and proved to be excellent at piece re-creating because the result did not show a big difference from a modeled silhouette.

In order to assess the seating and riding comfort design of a vehicle seat in an objective manner, finite element occupant models with anatomically precise features have been developed. The human body models are incorporated into Pam-Comfort, a tool for automotive seat design and analysis, as parts of occupant surrogates that also include HPM I and II. In this paper, the detailed process of FE human body modeling including an effort on the implementation of new anthropometry will be introduced. The validation of some features of human body models in seating and riding comfort simulation against human experiments will be also presented.

This paper represents current and probable applications of Digital Human Modeling (DHM) in different industries. Three real-world challenges, Cummins Inc. (New Product Launches), NASA (Ground Operations), Purdue University (DHM in Curriculum), are investigated for current/probable benefits of DHM. Direct contacts with company representatives and academic faculty were established to understand the current challenges and probable demands of tasks/operations in industry where DHM tools can be utilized. Dassault Systemes’ CATIA V5 PLM solution package and UGS Tecnomatix JACK DHM software was utilized to offer a resolution for industrial (Cummins Inc. and NASA) challenges and a software manual (JACK) is developed to enhance the engineering curriculum at Purdue University. The results indicated that DHM tools have potential to improve the product development challenges and provides control of the entire process of designing and analyzing a product before it’s ever launched. DHM in engineering curriculum would also increase the integration/adaptation of DHM tools in industry.

The purpose of this research is to develop a system for computer-aided ergonomic assessment of products without real subjects and physical mockups by integrating a digital hand model with a product model. In previous work, we developed functions of a semi-automatic grasp planning for the digital hand and of quantitatively evaluating the grasp stability of the product based on the force-closure and the grasp quality in our system. We also confirmed the validity of the results of these functions by comparing them with the real grasp postures. In this paper, we propose a new function of evaluating “ease of grasping (EOG)” for the grasp posture based on EOG-map constructed from principal component analysis for finger joint angles in real subjects’ grasps.

The vehicle ingress and egress are important issues for the automotive industry, both for minimizing assembly work load and for maximizing end-users’ comfort. Digital human modeling tools are used for evaluating and visualizing these issues. The assembler and end-user are more or less performing the very same entering task if the vehicles have identical geometrical prerequisites. The major difference is the vehicle speed; an assembler is entering a vehicle slightly moving forward on the assembly line with a speed of 5 meter/minute whereas the end user’s vehicle is standing still. The human motion when entering a car is a complex biomechanical process, which affects many different body parts. Car ingress techniques, such as flopper, swiveler, and glider vary among humans; for which humans’ agility may be one affecting factor. Agility is affected by joint diseases, which is more frequent among older people. There are several studies regarding ingress motion patterns[1,2], but studies on the differences in car ingress motion between car assemblers and end-users, or older and younger people are rare. Thus the purpose of the present study was to compare the ingress motion between younger versus older persons, and assemblers versus end-users.

The objective of this research project was to improve manual work tasks and workplace design with a new digital human model based design method. The idea of the method was to make the design and analyze of work and workplaces easy for floor level development case. It also should to be exploitable in the context of participatory design approach. The developed method was implemented on a production design simulation platform. It was designed to be used in design of human factors, performance and functionality of a production concurrently. The implemented tool includes basic human motions which exploit real human motion data, effective work design features to easily generate variational solutions, embedded ergonomic analyses and checklists to help analyzing different work environment solutions, and to document the design outcome. Four industrial case studies were completed with the tool. The results show that the tool is feasible for individual and group design work, and has positive impacts on the design process and on the way how individuals can influence on her or his future work in production system.

The objective of this investigation is to measure and document any significant difference in motion performance between the partial pressure suit (PPS) and the common clothing (CC), and therefore to explore the ergonomics evaluation indexes and appraisal methods of protective clothing (PC). This paper presents the results of three human mechanics tests and two operational performance tests conducted on nine male subjects which made possible the comparative evaluation under these two different situations. The human mechanics tests included a range of motion (ROM) test, a grip strength test, and a torque test while the operational performance tests included a target-aiming test and a screwing nuts test. Significant difference was found between the two suits in the ROM test, the grip strength test as well as the target-aiming test. This study demonstrates that motion performances vary significantly between the two suits and ROM together with grip strength can serve as ergonomics evaluation indexes of PC.

In this article, we study how users determine the way to operate cylindrical interfaces (lever, switch, etc.) according to their dimensions, shape, and the user’s hand dimensions. With a target of avoiding control failure, it is important to estimate user’s intuitive operation of a given interface from design. Eight subjects were observed operating different cylinders with various height and diameter. The boundary between the tilting operation and other operations was found to be related to an aspect ratio; the ratio of the diameter to the height. The boundary between the sliding operation and rests was determined by a comparison of hand width with cylinder height. The boundary between the pushing and rotating operations was thought to be related to the length of the distal phalanxes of the fingers.

We propose an innovative 3D wig designing system which would replace the traditional manual method. The customer’s head is scanned by a 3D head scanner and the whole design process is computerized. After sending the design data to the wig-making factory through the internet, the data are reproduced by an NC milling machine to make a wig pattern. To realize our integrated 3D wig designing system, various CAD technologies are implemented: 3D scanning, triangular mesh generation, texture mapping, mesh smoothing, mesh splitting, mesh offsetting, 3D sketch using NURBS curve, tool-path generation, etc.

Recently, ergonomic design is a key issue in the warship design. Ergonomic ship design aims to improve the safety and convenience of crew and passengers. In this paper, as a basis of analyzing and evaluating ergonomic design criteria and evaluation methods for a warship, existing military design guidelines and navy criteria in the fields of ergonomics were surveyed. Also, the methodology including an ergonomic human model is introduced. Finally, it is shown that the ergonomics evaluation of a design can be performed at the early stage of warship design using Navy Ergonomic Human Model based on Delmia’s ERGO.