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This chapter tells you

A metaanalysis by Lindholm et al. () concluded that beta-blockers should not remain the first choice in the treatment of primary hypertension. Unfortunately, this analysis included randomized controlled trials (RCTs) with poor methodology ().

Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors and angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs) play a pivotal role in the management of heart failure (HF) and hypertension. These agents are and increase survival in patients with

Calcium antagonists without doubt cause an increased incidence of heart failure (HF) as observed in several well-run randomized controlled trials (RCTs):

Diuretics have appropriately maintained a stable place in the management of hypertension and heart failure () because of their proven efficacy and low cost. The aldosterone antagonists spironolactone and its analog eplerenone are diuretics but have added actions that improve myocardial function and are an important part of our armamentarium for the management of patients with .

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This statement is printed on the front cover of of October 29, 2005. It is surprising that this peer-reviewed journal would print such a misleading statement.

Angina is a pain in the chest or adjacent areas caused by severe, but temporary, lack of blood (ischemia) to a segment of heart muscle, hence the term For stable angina, the most important feature is the causation of pain by a particular exertional activity and relief within minutes of cessation of the precipitating activity.