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Establishing Medical Reality: Essays In The Metaphysics And Epistemology Of Biomedical Science

Harold Kincaid ; Jennifer McKitrick (eds.)

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Institución detectada Año de publicación Navegá Descargá Solicitá
No detectada 2007 SpringerLink

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Tipo de recurso:

libros

ISBN impreso

978-1-4020-5215-6

ISBN electrónico

978-1-4020-5216-3

Editor responsable

Springer Nature

País de edición

Reino Unido

Fecha de publicación

Información sobre derechos de publicación

© Springer 2007

Cobertura temática

Tabla de contenidos

Introduction

Harold Kincaid; Jennifer McKitrick

In this chapter, we have developed a new, more flexible and powerful method to construct risk-neutral, arbitrage-free, semi-recombining implied binomial trees that are consistent with given market prices of liquid-traded options. The advantage of our method for constructing implied binomial trees is that no interpolation or extrapolation steps are necessary and no prior guess about the benchmark distribution is required. This is achieved by using a’ smoothness criterion’ to recover the implied risk-neutral probability distribution. Additionally, we have to solve a quadratic programming optimization problem with linear inequality constraints, which can be easily solved with standard software. Furthermore, our method uses all the available information on market prices to estimate the IRNPD, since the IRNPD of each maturity date incorporates the IRNPDs of all previous maturity dates. Under the additional assumption that a volatility function exists, the method can be used to construct arbitrage-free, risk-neutral, recombining implied multinomial trees. As a result, we are able to price and hedge many plain-vanilla and exotic options in accordance with given market prices.

Further research should examine the empirical performance of the method and compare it to existing approaches in a more extensive test. Here, it is of special interest which method performs better — constructing implied binomial trees or constructing implied multinomial trees. This is equivalent to the question of whether the assumption of equal path probabilities in each sub-tree or the assumption of the existence of a volatility function leads to better empirical results.

Pp. 1-11

Normality, Disease and Enhancement

Theodore M. Benditt

In this chapter, we have developed a new, more flexible and powerful method to construct risk-neutral, arbitrage-free, semi-recombining implied binomial trees that are consistent with given market prices of liquid-traded options. The advantage of our method for constructing implied binomial trees is that no interpolation or extrapolation steps are necessary and no prior guess about the benchmark distribution is required. This is achieved by using a’ smoothness criterion’ to recover the implied risk-neutral probability distribution. Additionally, we have to solve a quadratic programming optimization problem with linear inequality constraints, which can be easily solved with standard software. Furthermore, our method uses all the available information on market prices to estimate the IRNPD, since the IRNPD of each maturity date incorporates the IRNPDs of all previous maturity dates. Under the additional assumption that a volatility function exists, the method can be used to construct arbitrage-free, risk-neutral, recombining implied multinomial trees. As a result, we are able to price and hedge many plain-vanilla and exotic options in accordance with given market prices.

Further research should examine the empirical performance of the method and compare it to existing approaches in a more extensive test. Here, it is of special interest which method performs better — constructing implied binomial trees or constructing implied multinomial trees. This is equivalent to the question of whether the assumption of equal path probabilities in each sub-tree or the assumption of the existence of a volatility function leads to better empirical results.

Pp. 13-21

Holistic Theories of Health as Applicable to Non-Human Living Beings

Lennart Nordenfelt

In this chapter, we have developed a new, more flexible and powerful method to construct risk-neutral, arbitrage-free, semi-recombining implied binomial trees that are consistent with given market prices of liquid-traded options. The advantage of our method for constructing implied binomial trees is that no interpolation or extrapolation steps are necessary and no prior guess about the benchmark distribution is required. This is achieved by using a’ smoothness criterion’ to recover the implied risk-neutral probability distribution. Additionally, we have to solve a quadratic programming optimization problem with linear inequality constraints, which can be easily solved with standard software. Furthermore, our method uses all the available information on market prices to estimate the IRNPD, since the IRNPD of each maturity date incorporates the IRNPDs of all previous maturity dates. Under the additional assumption that a volatility function exists, the method can be used to construct arbitrage-free, risk-neutral, recombining implied multinomial trees. As a result, we are able to price and hedge many plain-vanilla and exotic options in accordance with given market prices.

Further research should examine the empirical performance of the method and compare it to existing approaches in a more extensive test. Here, it is of special interest which method performs better — constructing implied binomial trees or constructing implied multinomial trees. This is equivalent to the question of whether the assumption of equal path probabilities in each sub-tree or the assumption of the existence of a volatility function leads to better empirical results.

Pp. 23-34

Disease and the Concept of Supervenience

Robert D’amico

In this chapter, we have developed a new, more flexible and powerful method to construct risk-neutral, arbitrage-free, semi-recombining implied binomial trees that are consistent with given market prices of liquid-traded options. The advantage of our method for constructing implied binomial trees is that no interpolation or extrapolation steps are necessary and no prior guess about the benchmark distribution is required. This is achieved by using a’ smoothness criterion’ to recover the implied risk-neutral probability distribution. Additionally, we have to solve a quadratic programming optimization problem with linear inequality constraints, which can be easily solved with standard software. Furthermore, our method uses all the available information on market prices to estimate the IRNPD, since the IRNPD of each maturity date incorporates the IRNPDs of all previous maturity dates. Under the additional assumption that a volatility function exists, the method can be used to construct arbitrage-free, risk-neutral, recombining implied multinomial trees. As a result, we are able to price and hedge many plain-vanilla and exotic options in accordance with given market prices.

Further research should examine the empirical performance of the method and compare it to existing approaches in a more extensive test. Here, it is of special interest which method performs better — constructing implied binomial trees or constructing implied multinomial trees. This is equivalent to the question of whether the assumption of equal path probabilities in each sub-tree or the assumption of the existence of a volatility function leads to better empirical results.

Pp. 35-45

Decision and Discovery in Defining ‘Disease’

Peter H. Schwartz

In this chapter, we have developed a new, more flexible and powerful method to construct risk-neutral, arbitrage-free, semi-recombining implied binomial trees that are consistent with given market prices of liquid-traded options. The advantage of our method for constructing implied binomial trees is that no interpolation or extrapolation steps are necessary and no prior guess about the benchmark distribution is required. This is achieved by using a’ smoothness criterion’ to recover the implied risk-neutral probability distribution. Additionally, we have to solve a quadratic programming optimization problem with linear inequality constraints, which can be easily solved with standard software. Furthermore, our method uses all the available information on market prices to estimate the IRNPD, since the IRNPD of each maturity date incorporates the IRNPDs of all previous maturity dates. Under the additional assumption that a volatility function exists, the method can be used to construct arbitrage-free, risk-neutral, recombining implied multinomial trees. As a result, we are able to price and hedge many plain-vanilla and exotic options in accordance with given market prices.

Further research should examine the empirical performance of the method and compare it to existing approaches in a more extensive test. Here, it is of special interest which method performs better — constructing implied binomial trees or constructing implied multinomial trees. This is equivalent to the question of whether the assumption of equal path probabilities in each sub-tree or the assumption of the existence of a volatility function leads to better empirical results.

Pp. 47-63

Race and Scientific Reduction

Mark Risjord

In this chapter, we have developed a new, more flexible and powerful method to construct risk-neutral, arbitrage-free, semi-recombining implied binomial trees that are consistent with given market prices of liquid-traded options. The advantage of our method for constructing implied binomial trees is that no interpolation or extrapolation steps are necessary and no prior guess about the benchmark distribution is required. This is achieved by using a’ smoothness criterion’ to recover the implied risk-neutral probability distribution. Additionally, we have to solve a quadratic programming optimization problem with linear inequality constraints, which can be easily solved with standard software. Furthermore, our method uses all the available information on market prices to estimate the IRNPD, since the IRNPD of each maturity date incorporates the IRNPDs of all previous maturity dates. Under the additional assumption that a volatility function exists, the method can be used to construct arbitrage-free, risk-neutral, recombining implied multinomial trees. As a result, we are able to price and hedge many plain-vanilla and exotic options in accordance with given market prices.

Further research should examine the empirical performance of the method and compare it to existing approaches in a more extensive test. Here, it is of special interest which method performs better — constructing implied binomial trees or constructing implied multinomial trees. This is equivalent to the question of whether the assumption of equal path probabilities in each sub-tree or the assumption of the existence of a volatility function leads to better empirical results.

Pp. 65-82

Towards an Adequate Account of Genetic Disease

Kelly C. Smith

In this chapter, we have developed a new, more flexible and powerful method to construct risk-neutral, arbitrage-free, semi-recombining implied binomial trees that are consistent with given market prices of liquid-traded options. The advantage of our method for constructing implied binomial trees is that no interpolation or extrapolation steps are necessary and no prior guess about the benchmark distribution is required. This is achieved by using a’ smoothness criterion’ to recover the implied risk-neutral probability distribution. Additionally, we have to solve a quadratic programming optimization problem with linear inequality constraints, which can be easily solved with standard software. Furthermore, our method uses all the available information on market prices to estimate the IRNPD, since the IRNPD of each maturity date incorporates the IRNPDs of all previous maturity dates. Under the additional assumption that a volatility function exists, the method can be used to construct arbitrage-free, risk-neutral, recombining implied multinomial trees. As a result, we are able to price and hedge many plain-vanilla and exotic options in accordance with given market prices.

Further research should examine the empirical performance of the method and compare it to existing approaches in a more extensive test. Here, it is of special interest which method performs better — constructing implied binomial trees or constructing implied multinomial trees. This is equivalent to the question of whether the assumption of equal path probabilities in each sub-tree or the assumption of the existence of a volatility function leads to better empirical results.

Pp. 83-110

Why Disease Persists: An Evolutionary Nosology

Robert L. Perlman

In this chapter, we have developed a new, more flexible and powerful method to construct risk-neutral, arbitrage-free, semi-recombining implied binomial trees that are consistent with given market prices of liquid-traded options. The advantage of our method for constructing implied binomial trees is that no interpolation or extrapolation steps are necessary and no prior guess about the benchmark distribution is required. This is achieved by using a’ smoothness criterion’ to recover the implied risk-neutral probability distribution. Additionally, we have to solve a quadratic programming optimization problem with linear inequality constraints, which can be easily solved with standard software. Furthermore, our method uses all the available information on market prices to estimate the IRNPD, since the IRNPD of each maturity date incorporates the IRNPDs of all previous maturity dates. Under the additional assumption that a volatility function exists, the method can be used to construct arbitrage-free, risk-neutral, recombining implied multinomial trees. As a result, we are able to price and hedge many plain-vanilla and exotic options in accordance with given market prices.

Further research should examine the empirical performance of the method and compare it to existing approaches in a more extensive test. Here, it is of special interest which method performs better — constructing implied binomial trees or constructing implied multinomial trees. This is equivalent to the question of whether the assumption of equal path probabilities in each sub-tree or the assumption of the existence of a volatility function leads to better empirical results.

Pp. 111-121

Creating Mental Illness in Non-Disordered Community Populations

Allan V. Horwitz

In this chapter, we have developed a new, more flexible and powerful method to construct risk-neutral, arbitrage-free, semi-recombining implied binomial trees that are consistent with given market prices of liquid-traded options. The advantage of our method for constructing implied binomial trees is that no interpolation or extrapolation steps are necessary and no prior guess about the benchmark distribution is required. This is achieved by using a’ smoothness criterion’ to recover the implied risk-neutral probability distribution. Additionally, we have to solve a quadratic programming optimization problem with linear inequality constraints, which can be easily solved with standard software. Furthermore, our method uses all the available information on market prices to estimate the IRNPD, since the IRNPD of each maturity date incorporates the IRNPDs of all previous maturity dates. Under the additional assumption that a volatility function exists, the method can be used to construct arbitrage-free, risk-neutral, recombining implied multinomial trees. As a result, we are able to price and hedge many plain-vanilla and exotic options in accordance with given market prices.

Further research should examine the empirical performance of the method and compare it to existing approaches in a more extensive test. Here, it is of special interest which method performs better — constructing implied binomial trees or constructing implied multinomial trees. This is equivalent to the question of whether the assumption of equal path probabilities in each sub-tree or the assumption of the existence of a volatility function leads to better empirical results.

Pp. 123-135

Gender Identity Disorder

Jennifer Mckitrick

In this chapter, we have developed a new, more flexible and powerful method to construct risk-neutral, arbitrage-free, semi-recombining implied binomial trees that are consistent with given market prices of liquid-traded options. The advantage of our method for constructing implied binomial trees is that no interpolation or extrapolation steps are necessary and no prior guess about the benchmark distribution is required. This is achieved by using a’ smoothness criterion’ to recover the implied risk-neutral probability distribution. Additionally, we have to solve a quadratic programming optimization problem with linear inequality constraints, which can be easily solved with standard software. Furthermore, our method uses all the available information on market prices to estimate the IRNPD, since the IRNPD of each maturity date incorporates the IRNPDs of all previous maturity dates. Under the additional assumption that a volatility function exists, the method can be used to construct arbitrage-free, risk-neutral, recombining implied multinomial trees. As a result, we are able to price and hedge many plain-vanilla and exotic options in accordance with given market prices.

Further research should examine the empirical performance of the method and compare it to existing approaches in a more extensive test. Here, it is of special interest which method performs better — constructing implied binomial trees or constructing implied multinomial trees. This is equivalent to the question of whether the assumption of equal path probabilities in each sub-tree or the assumption of the existence of a volatility function leads to better empirical results.

Pp. 137-148