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In this chapter you’ve seen how a well-structured and meaningful document can help provide a solid framework for applying your styles. You’ve learned about some of the more advanced CSS selectors and how CSS handles conflicting rules. You’ve also seen how wellstructured and well-commented CSS files can make your life easier and increase your productivity.

In the next chapter, you will learn about the CSS box model, how and why margins collapse, and how floating and positioning really works.

In this chapter you have learned about some of the peculiarities of the box model. You have seen how vertical adjacent margins collapse to form a single margin, and how IE 5. on Windows interprets the width property differently from other browsers. You now understand the difference between absolute and relative positioning and how useful absolute positioning in a relative container can be. Lastly, you have seen how floats behave in various circumstances and learned that clearing works by increasing the cleared element’s top margin.

Now that you are armed with this knowledge, let’s start putting it to good use. In the next section of this book, you will be introduced to a number of core CSS concepts and you’ll see how they can be used to create a variety of useful and practical techniques. So open your favorite text editor, and let’s get coding.

In this chapter you have learned how background images can be applied to elements to produce a variety of interesting techniques, such as flexible rounded-corner boxes and pure CSS drop shadows. You have seen how to force PNG support in Internet Explorer along with several methods of image replacement.

In the next chapter, you will learn how background images and links can be combined to create some interesting interactive effects.

In this chapter you have learned how to style links in a variety of ways. You now know how to style links depending on the site or file they link to, and you can make links behave like buttons and create rollover effects using colors or images. You can even create advanced effects such as pure CSS tooltips.

In the next chapter you will learn how to manipulate lists, and using the information you have learned in this chapter, create navigation lists, pure CSS image maps, and remote rollovers. Let the fun begin.

In this chapter you have learned how flexible lists can be. You learned how to create vertical and horizontal navigation bars, including accessible tabbed navigation. Finally, you learned how to use positioning to create pure CSS image maps and remote rollovers.

In the next chapter you will learn how to create accessible form layouts and data tables, and how to style them with CSS.

In this chapter you have learned how different form layouts can work in different situations. You can now lay out complicated forms using CSS, without harming a single table in the process. You have learned how tables should be used, for data rather than layout, and have learned that data table design can be fun.

In the next chapter you will use everything you have learned so far to start building CSS-based layouts.

In this chapter you learned how to create simple two- and three-column fixed-width layouts using floats. You then learned how these layouts could be converted into liquid and elastic layouts with relative ease. You learned about some of the problems associated with liquid and elastic layouts and how liquid images and hybrid layouts can help solve some of these problems. Lastly, you saw how to create full height column effects on both fixedwidth and liquid layouts, using vertically repeating background images. This chapter touched on some of the techniques used to create CSS-based layouts. However, there are a lot of techniques out there, enough to fill a whole book of their own.

One of the big problems developers face with CSS layouts is that of browser inconsistency. To get around browser rendering issues, various hacks and filters have been created. In the next chapter, you will learn about some of the better-known hacks and how to use them responsiblhy.

In this chapter you have learned that hacks and filters can be an important weapon in any CSS developer’s arsenal. However, hacks need to be used sparingly, and preferably as a last resort. If you do need to use hacks or filters, do so with forward compatibility and ease of maintenance in mind.

In the next chapter, you will learn about different ways to attack and fix CSS bugs. You will be introduced to some of the most common and perplexing browsers bugs around, and you will learn how to fix them using your newfound arsenal of techniques.

In this chapter, you have learned some important techniques for tracking down and squashing CSS bugs. You have learned about IE on Windows internal hasLayout property and how this is the root of many IE/Win browser bugs. Finally, you have learned about some of the most common browser bugs and how to fix them.

Next you will see how all of this information can be put together, through two stunning case studies created by two of the best CSS designers and developers of our time.