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Beyond Kyoto: A New Global Climate Certificate System: Continuing Kyoto Commitments or a Global"Cap and Trade" Scheme for a Sustainable Climate Policy?

Lutz Wicke

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Institución detectada Año de publicación Navegá Descargá Solicitá
No detectada 2005 SpringerLink

Información

Tipo de recurso:

libros

ISBN impreso

978-3-540-22482-2

ISBN electrónico

978-3-540-26863-5

Editor responsable

Springer Nature

País de edición

Reino Unido

Fecha de publicación

Información sobre derechos de publicación

© Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2005

Tabla de contenidos

A Clear-Cut and Quantified Criterion for a Successful Global Climate Policy

Lutz Wicke

We used a dynamic model to estimate the net carbon dioxide production (NCP) of three experimentally flooded upland areas (FLUDEX) over a period of 4 years and NCP from a flooded wetland (ELARP) over 12 years (2 year pre-flooding, 10 years post-flooding). The 3 flooded upland areas had been chosen to have differing amounts of carbon stored in soils and vegetation. Estimates of NCP ranged from 33–55 mmole·m·d in the first year and decreased steadily to 13–30 mmole·m·d in the fourth year. The NCP from the reservoir with the lowest carbon stock was always lowest, the other two were similar. The NCP estimated for the wetland rose from 45 mmole·m·d in the first year of flooding to 178 mmole·m·d in the years 7–9. A decrease to 126 mmole·m·d was seen in the last year. Overall the model did a good job of simulating the measured results and provided a consistent methodology for comparison of NCP. In this boreal forest area of northwest Ontario flooding of wetland area results in much higher NCP and over a much greater duration than upland flooding.

Pp. 1-9

A Comprehensive Standard System for Evaluating the Prospect of Success of Different Climate Protection Systems

Lutz Wicke

We used a dynamic model to estimate the net carbon dioxide production (NCP) of three experimentally flooded upland areas (FLUDEX) over a period of 4 years and NCP from a flooded wetland (ELARP) over 12 years (2 year pre-flooding, 10 years post-flooding). The 3 flooded upland areas had been chosen to have differing amounts of carbon stored in soils and vegetation. Estimates of NCP ranged from 33–55 mmole·m·d in the first year and decreased steadily to 13–30 mmole·m·d in the fourth year. The NCP from the reservoir with the lowest carbon stock was always lowest, the other two were similar. The NCP estimated for the wetland rose from 45 mmole·m·d in the first year of flooding to 178 mmole·m·d in the years 7–9. A decrease to 126 mmole·m·d was seen in the last year. Overall the model did a good job of simulating the measured results and provided a consistent methodology for comparison of NCP. In this boreal forest area of northwest Ontario flooding of wetland area results in much higher NCP and over a much greater duration than upland flooding.

Pp. 11-25

Evaluation of the Existing Kyoto System and the Most Important Incremental Evolution Proposals to Reach EU’s Minimum Target for Climate Sustainability

Lutz Wicke

We used a dynamic model to estimate the net carbon dioxide production (NCP) of three experimentally flooded upland areas (FLUDEX) over a period of 4 years and NCP from a flooded wetland (ELARP) over 12 years (2 year pre-flooding, 10 years post-flooding). The 3 flooded upland areas had been chosen to have differing amounts of carbon stored in soils and vegetation. Estimates of NCP ranged from 33–55 mmole·m·d in the first year and decreased steadily to 13–30 mmole·m·d in the fourth year. The NCP from the reservoir with the lowest carbon stock was always lowest, the other two were similar. The NCP estimated for the wetland rose from 45 mmole·m·d in the first year of flooding to 178 mmole·m·d in the years 7–9. A decrease to 126 mmole·m·d was seen in the last year. Overall the model did a good job of simulating the measured results and provided a consistent methodology for comparison of NCP. In this boreal forest area of northwest Ontario flooding of wetland area results in much higher NCP and over a much greater duration than upland flooding.

Pp. 27-74

Structural Regime Change in the Kyoto/UNFCCC System Through Price or ‘Cap and Trade’ Incentive Systems for Climate Sustainability

Lutz Wicke

We used a dynamic model to estimate the net carbon dioxide production (NCP) of three experimentally flooded upland areas (FLUDEX) over a period of 4 years and NCP from a flooded wetland (ELARP) over 12 years (2 year pre-flooding, 10 years post-flooding). The 3 flooded upland areas had been chosen to have differing amounts of carbon stored in soils and vegetation. Estimates of NCP ranged from 33–55 mmole·m·d in the first year and decreased steadily to 13–30 mmole·m·d in the fourth year. The NCP from the reservoir with the lowest carbon stock was always lowest, the other two were similar. The NCP estimated for the wetland rose from 45 mmole·m·d in the first year of flooding to 178 mmole·m·d in the years 7–9. A decrease to 126 mmole·m·d was seen in the last year. Overall the model did a good job of simulating the measured results and provided a consistent methodology for comparison of NCP. In this boreal forest area of northwest Ontario flooding of wetland area results in much higher NCP and over a much greater duration than upland flooding.

Pp. 75-113

The Basic Concept of an Application-Orientated Global Climate Certificate System, GCCS (Eight Elements) and Its More Detailed Assessment

Lutz Wicke

We used a dynamic model to estimate the net carbon dioxide production (NCP) of three experimentally flooded upland areas (FLUDEX) over a period of 4 years and NCP from a flooded wetland (ELARP) over 12 years (2 year pre-flooding, 10 years post-flooding). The 3 flooded upland areas had been chosen to have differing amounts of carbon stored in soils and vegetation. Estimates of NCP ranged from 33–55 mmole·m·d in the first year and decreased steadily to 13–30 mmole·m·d in the fourth year. The NCP from the reservoir with the lowest carbon stock was always lowest, the other two were similar. The NCP estimated for the wetland rose from 45 mmole·m·d in the first year of flooding to 178 mmole·m·d in the years 7–9. A decrease to 126 mmole·m·d was seen in the last year. Overall the model did a good job of simulating the measured results and provided a consistent methodology for comparison of NCP. In this boreal forest area of northwest Ontario flooding of wetland area results in much higher NCP and over a much greater duration than upland flooding.

Pp. 115-147

Implementation of GCCS: Administrative and Other Aspects of GCCS’ Eight Basic Elements in More Detail

Lutz Wicke

We used a dynamic model to estimate the net carbon dioxide production (NCP) of three experimentally flooded upland areas (FLUDEX) over a period of 4 years and NCP from a flooded wetland (ELARP) over 12 years (2 year pre-flooding, 10 years post-flooding). The 3 flooded upland areas had been chosen to have differing amounts of carbon stored in soils and vegetation. Estimates of NCP ranged from 33–55 mmole·m·d in the first year and decreased steadily to 13–30 mmole·m·d in the fourth year. The NCP from the reservoir with the lowest carbon stock was always lowest, the other two were similar. The NCP estimated for the wetland rose from 45 mmole·m·d in the first year of flooding to 178 mmole·m·d in the years 7–9. A decrease to 126 mmole·m·d was seen in the last year. Overall the model did a good job of simulating the measured results and provided a consistent methodology for comparison of NCP. In this boreal forest area of northwest Ontario flooding of wetland area results in much higher NCP and over a much greater duration than upland flooding.

Pp. 149-203

The GCCS - An Overview of the Global Climate Certificate System

Lutz Wicke

We used a dynamic model to estimate the net carbon dioxide production (NCP) of three experimentally flooded upland areas (FLUDEX) over a period of 4 years and NCP from a flooded wetland (ELARP) over 12 years (2 year pre-flooding, 10 years post-flooding). The 3 flooded upland areas had been chosen to have differing amounts of carbon stored in soils and vegetation. Estimates of NCP ranged from 33–55 mmole·m·d in the first year and decreased steadily to 13–30 mmole·m·d in the fourth year. The NCP from the reservoir with the lowest carbon stock was always lowest, the other two were similar. The NCP estimated for the wetland rose from 45 mmole·m·d in the first year of flooding to 178 mmole·m·d in the years 7–9. A decrease to 126 mmole·m·d was seen in the last year. Overall the model did a good job of simulating the measured results and provided a consistent methodology for comparison of NCP. In this boreal forest area of northwest Ontario flooding of wetland area results in much higher NCP and over a much greater duration than upland flooding.

Pp. 205-222

GCCS-Acceptability: Economic Analysis, Fairness Discussion (Per Capita Approach), Legal Feasibility, Gains and Burdens for Different Countries and Regions

Lutz Wicke

We used a dynamic model to estimate the net carbon dioxide production (NCP) of three experimentally flooded upland areas (FLUDEX) over a period of 4 years and NCP from a flooded wetland (ELARP) over 12 years (2 year pre-flooding, 10 years post-flooding). The 3 flooded upland areas had been chosen to have differing amounts of carbon stored in soils and vegetation. Estimates of NCP ranged from 33–55 mmole·m·d in the first year and decreased steadily to 13–30 mmole·m·d in the fourth year. The NCP from the reservoir with the lowest carbon stock was always lowest, the other two were similar. The NCP estimated for the wetland rose from 45 mmole·m·d in the first year of flooding to 178 mmole·m·d in the years 7–9. A decrease to 126 mmole·m·d was seen in the last year. Overall the model did a good job of simulating the measured results and provided a consistent methodology for comparison of NCP. In this boreal forest area of northwest Ontario flooding of wetland area results in much higher NCP and over a much greater duration than upland flooding.

Pp. 223-299

Elements of a Strategy to Implement and Enforce GCCS as an Effective Beyond-Kyoto-I Climate Protection System

Lutz Wicke

We used a dynamic model to estimate the net carbon dioxide production (NCP) of three experimentally flooded upland areas (FLUDEX) over a period of 4 years and NCP from a flooded wetland (ELARP) over 12 years (2 year pre-flooding, 10 years post-flooding). The 3 flooded upland areas had been chosen to have differing amounts of carbon stored in soils and vegetation. Estimates of NCP ranged from 33–55 mmole·m·d in the first year and decreased steadily to 13–30 mmole·m·d in the fourth year. The NCP from the reservoir with the lowest carbon stock was always lowest, the other two were similar. The NCP estimated for the wetland rose from 45 mmole·m·d in the first year of flooding to 178 mmole·m·d in the years 7–9. A decrease to 126 mmole·m·d was seen in the last year. Overall the model did a good job of simulating the measured results and provided a consistent methodology for comparison of NCP. In this boreal forest area of northwest Ontario flooding of wetland area results in much higher NCP and over a much greater duration than upland flooding.

Pp. 301-312