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Bioretention systems, also known as biofiltration systems, biofilter or rain gardens, is a common stormwater mitigation measure. It utilises a low energy consumption treatment technology to increase water quality and reduce peak discharge.

In a joint project between two agencies in Singapore, the National Parks Board and the National University of Singapore—Singapore Delft Water Alliance, more than 30 plants species were screened and tested to select those that are suitable for application as vegetation in bioretention systems. The research project investigated the remediation capacity of the plants and their associated rhizosphere microbial communities. Of the numerous stormwater pollutants, the phytoremediation study focused on nitrogen.

World-wide implementation of stormwater treatment practices is increasing. These are integral to Water Sensitive Urban Design (WSUD). In the United States, their implementation grew at a rapid rate in the late 1990s through the beginning of the millennium.