Catálogo de publicaciones - revistas

<jats:p>Many physiotherapists and motor preparation coaches recommend including resistance exercises for the hip joint abductors and external rotators in a warm-up. Muscle activation with resistance band exercises is believed to improve positional control of the pelvis and the lower limbs, thus reducing the risk of musculoskeletal injury during rehabilitation or training proper. The aim of this study was to assess the impact of a single session of activation of hip joint abductors and external rotators on gait and running parameters in healthy people. The study involved 54 healthy individuals aged 19-21 years. An experimental group (Group 1) performed a set of 6 resistance exercises with Thera rubber bands, intended to activate the hip joint abductors and external rotators. A control group (Group 2) performed the same set of exercises but without external resistance. A walking and running gait examination was performed on a Zebris FDM treadmill in both groups before and after the exercises. Both variants of exercises produced changes in selected gait parameters (p&lt;0.05). An examination of running gait in Group 1 revealed an increase in step length in the dominant limb (p&lt;0.05) and stride length (p&lt;0.05) and step time in the dominant limb (p&lt;0.05), stride length (p&lt;0.05) and cadence (p&lt;0.05). Heel pressure also decreased in both limbs, and heel pressure force decreased in the non-dominant limb (p&lt;0.05). A running gait examination in Group 2 revealed increased midfoot pressure force in both limbs (p&lt;0.05). Thus, a single session of exercises with resistance banding to activate the hip joint abductors and external rotators exerted an effect on running parameters, which may improve running economy.</jats:p>

<jats:p>The subject of the research is competitive swimming in Europe (EUR) and Bosnia and Herzegovina (B&amp;H) from 2008 to 2018, discipline of 50m freestyle for male seniors. The problems of the research are trends, dynamics and differences between swimmers from Bosnia and Herzegovina and swimmers from Europe. The objectives of the research are: 1.To identify trends in swimming development in EUR and B&amp;H from 2008 to 2018. 2. To determine the statistical significance of differences between EUR swimmers and B&amp;H swimmers. 3. To evaluate the results for 2020 based on linear functions. In accordance with the set goals of the research, appropriate statistical methods and tests were applied, which enabled an exact answer to the set hypotheses and goals. The variables were being monitored in this study: 1.The time of the eight finalists 2. The time of the first three swimmers. 3. The Winner time. 4. The Record time. Based on the achieved results, it can be validly and reliably concluded that there is generally an improvement in results for EUR swimmers and B&amp;H swimmers. It is statistically proven that there is a significant difference in the achieved results. European swimmers showed better results that were statistically significant. Linear functions i.e trends indicate that there is a small difference. There are more reasons for lagging of B&amp;H’s swimmers behind the European swimmers. In the post-war period there are no elementary material, professional, coaching and other assumptions that enable better results either in swimming or in other sports in Bosnia and Herzegovina</jats:p>

<jats:p>Peripheral nerves in athletes are susceptible to injury due to an increase in physiological requirements in the training process to neurological structures and to the soft tissues that protect them. The training process is conditioned by the rank and level of competition and its implementation largely depends on the education of professional staff. Common mechanisms of injury are pressure, sprain, strain, ischemia, and sports injury. Seddon's original system of dividing nerve injuries based on neurophysiological changes is most widely used in medicine. The initial stage of nerve injury is neuropraxia, the second stage is axonal degeneration, and the third stage is nerve cutting. Peripheral nerve injuries are more common in the upper extremities than in the lower extremities. They have specifics related to a particular sport, in this case, football and basketball, and often have a biomechanical component in the making. Early detection allows an appropriate rehabilitation program to be initiated and biomechanics changed before the nerve injury becomes permanent. Recognizing nerve injury requires an understanding of peripheral neuroanatomy, knowledge of common nerve injury sites, and awareness of the types of peripheral nerve injuries that are common and specific to a particular sport. Rehabilitation programs in the field of kinesiology can be read through FMS protocols. Electrodiagnostic tests (electromyography), somatosensory evoked potentials, magnetic resonance imaging, and ultrasound are used to diagnose peripheral nerve injuries. Proximal peripheral nerve injuries have a slightly poorer prognosis in terms of neurological recovery in athletes. The survey determined the frequency of injuries in the subjects and that there is a misunderstanding among the athletes themselves, which is a peripheral nerve injury. The survey also found that peripheral nerve injuries occur due to acute injuries, while chronic injuries are excessive, resulting in damage to muscles and joints, and rarely as a result of inappropriate sports equipment. Athletes' knowledge of what constitutes a peripheral nerve injury itself and how this type of injury should be given more importance in further general prevention has also been established.</jats:p>

<jats:p>This study aimed to examine the relation between agility, sprint ability, and vertical jump performance of young basketball players. Fifty (n=50) young basketball players (mean±SD: age = 12.63±0.95; height = 160.84±6.31 cm; body mass = 50.82±6.88 kg) participated in the study. The agility T-test and 505 test were assessed to determine agility, 10m and 20m sprint was measured to determine sprint ability and countermovement jump (CMJ) for jumping performance. The results of Pearson’s Product Moment Correlation analysis indicated large to very large relation between agility tests and sprint performance (r = 0.61 to 0.85); agility and jump performance (r = - 0.64 to - 0.67); sprint and jumping performance (r = -0.59 to -0.77). The results of the study suggest that agility, sprint, and jumping performance share common physical demands, therefore it is necessary to develop them during the training.</jats:p>

<jats:p>Background: One of the components affecting the level of health is physical fitness and diets, which is also considered the foundation of a healthy lifestyle. Methods: Samples by survey ranged from 871 to 1,417 (boys) and from 843 to 1,326 (girls). Speed (5 m run), agility (figure-8-run), explosive power (vertical jump), flexibility (stand and reach) and cardiovascular fitness (step test) were measured. The Body Mass Index (BMI) of each student was classified as Thin, Normal weight or Overweight/Obese (Owt/Ob) relative to International Obesity Task Force (IOTF) criteria. Fitness items were compared among weight status groups and across surveys with sex-specific analyses of covariance. Regressions of each fitness item on the BMI in the four surveys were done using linear and nonlinear quadratic models. Results: Performances on all fitness tests except flexibility were poorer among Owt/Ob compared to Normal and Thin youth, but performances on fitness tests within weight status groups did not differ consistently across surveys. Conclusions: Relationships between the BMI and fitness tests varied across surveys, but suggested reasonably consistent cur-vilinear relationships between fitness tests and the BMI among boys more so than girls.</jats:p>

<jats:p>The age of peak competitive performance is particularly important as the entire sports career in each sport is planned on its basis. Depending on the sport and gender of the athlete, the age of peak competitive performance varies considerably. The objective of the study - to determine the age indicators of the wrestlers who participated in the World Championships, depending on the place taken and the weight group. We have studied 332 sports careers of the freestyle and Greko-Roman male wrestlers from 1st to 8th ranks who participated in the World Championships 2017, 2018 and 2019. The following indicators are analyzed: the average age, the average age of the international career start, the average age of first success and the proportion of athletes who achieved success at junior level. Results. The average age of the wrestlers is 26.5 ± 3.6 years: the medalists are slightly younger – 26.3 ± 3.4 years, and non-medalists are older than 26.7 ± 3.8 years. The analysis of the distribution of the age of peak competitive performance of athletes-medalists has shown the following results: there are 67.7 % of medalist among the athletes who are 22-28 years old, 11.8% among those who are younger than 23 years old and only 26.6% among those who are older than 28 years. More than half (53.4%) of medalists achieved success being juniors, while for non-medalists this proportion is only 38.2%. The linear regression coefficient between the age and the weight of athletes is positive and is equal to 0.47 kg per year. The results obtained on the medalists show that the period for achieving the peak competitive performance is limited and quite a few athletes can succeed beyond a certain period of age.</jats:p>

<jats:p>The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of Active Rehabilitation (AR) on wheelchair distance in men with spinal cord injury (SCI) at the cervical or thoracic levels. The research group consisted of 30 men with cervical or thoracic SCI. All the participants completed the "1st level" rehabilitation camp in Spała (12 days). A modified Cooper test was used twice: the day before and the day after the AR camp. AR had increased the distance covered in a wheelchair in men with thoracic (18%) and cervical (29%) SCI. The percentage of change in the Cooper test result due to AR has a statistically significant dependency on the degree of impairment of spinal cord function according to the ASIA scale (parametric test: p=0.0131, nonparametric test p=0.0018). The level of SCI does not significantly differentiate this variable (parametric test: p=0.3418, nonparametric test p=0.0673). Contrary to expectations, men with SCI at cervical level improved more, which suggests that AR is a valuable therapeutic component in the rehabilitation of patients with SCI. The wheelchair distance improvement due to AR depends more on the degree of impairment of the spinal cord function than on the level of the SCI itself.</jats:p>

<jats:p>Background: Blood tests are a common health assessment for diagnosing diseases and bodily disorders. Aims: The aim of the work was to analyze the suitability of sampling and assessing athletes’ blood-borne biomarkers in a search for ways to optimize their football training. Methods: In the prospective study, the results of 14 football players from a youth football team competing at the highest national level ‘blood tests were evaluated before (P1), immediately after (P2) and 24 hours after (P3) playing a football match. The all players were divided into two groups based on the length of time they were on the field during the game: FMP - (8 players) participation in the match for 90 minutes, and PMP - (6 players) participation in the match for 30-75 minutes. Results: In the FMP group, at P2, the following statistically significant (p&lt;0.001) differences were observed: an increase in the leukocyte count; decreases in erythrocytes (RBC), hemoglobin (HGB), and hematocrit (HCT), and increases in creatine kinase (CK), cortisol and lactates. At P3 when comparing the FMP and PMP group results, we observed an increase in CK (p=0.03) and decrease in cortisol (p=0.02) in the former group. The concentration of cortisol&lt;356.04nm/L at P3 was the most sensitive and specific (PPV=0.83; NPV=0.88) difference characterizing the group of FMP players compared with the players of the PMP group. In the FMP group compared with PMP at P3 we showed a significantly increased levels of CK (p=0.002). Conclusions: The blood cortisol levels below 356.04nm/L and CK concentrations below 500UI/L taken 24 hours after the football game in the players from a youth football team competing at the highest national level are characteristic of players with a greater potential for physical exercise.</jats:p>

<jats:p>Cortisol is a stress hormone that plays a crucial role in the balance between phospholipids and lipids levels. In consequence, it affects the secondary structure of proteins. Currently cortisol concentration in serum is determined by a biochemical analysis. A new optical method to estimate the stress level is proposed in this work. Infrared and Raman spectroscopies were used to determine the quantitative and qualitative changes in lipids and proteins fractions in the function of cortisol concentration in 49 samples of serum collected from volleyball players at various stages of preparation for the competition. With the cortisol level increase, a decrease of structures related to PO2- phospholipid groups and amides III and I bonds was noticed in the Raman spectra. The differences in absorbance visible in the FTIR spectra, were not statistically significant. However, the calculated absorbance ratios between the peaks related to vibrations of the lipid functional groups and amide I show, that with the increase of cortisol concentration, the increase of the amount of lipids and the decrease of the amount of proteins was observed in transmission spectra. Pearson correlation test presented positive correlations between phospholipid and protein levels and between cortisol concentration and phospholipids in transmittance spectra. Negative correlations between cortisol concentration, protein and phospholipid levels were observed in the Raman spectra. Obtained results showed, that using Raman spectroscopy the effect of increased cortisol concentration on proteins, phospholipids and lipids is directly visible. in the case of FTIR spectroscopy, one had to calculate the ratios between CH2 and CH3 lipids vibrations (2957 cm-1, 2920 cm-1, 2872 cm-1) and amide I (1654 cm-1), to show differences in the cortisol concentration in serum. These results suggest, that Raman spectroscopy is a more promising technique to obtain an information about cortisol levels in serum.</jats:p>

<jats:p>The main goal of the presented study is to examine the connection between body coordination and visual-motor integration and to determine the dynamics of motor development for an integrative approach in Kinesiological Education and Kinesiological Didactics. Following the above, the problem of the possible connection between visual-motor integration and macro motor abilities is posed, which is especially important from the aspect of Kinesiological Education and the possible transfer of the effects of program content to this dimension. The sample of respondents for this study included a total of 110 subjects aged 3 to 10 years. For the analysis of the correlation of two sets of manifest variables, canonical correlation analysis was used to determine the structural correlation of the two sets of variables, i.e. the results of body coordination tests and test results for assessing the degree of visual-motor integration. The results of the presented study show the connection between the two observed dimensions in the preschool period and the tendency of gradual differentiation as a function of time in primary school students. The obtained findings indicate the importance of an integrative approach to the motor development of children and students in the aspects of planning and programming and the implementation of Physical Education.</jats:p>