Catálogo de publicaciones - revistas

<jats:p>The foot is an important element of the locomotor apparatus and performs a number of functions in our body. Abnormalities in its shape can affect everyday functioning. Therefore, it is worth paying attention to the proper development of the feet in children. The aim of the study was to assess the dynamics of changes in selected parameters of foot development in younger children of school age. The study involved 70 children. The observations were conducted twice in the same children, aged 5 and 9 years. Their feet were examined using a podoscope. Clarke's method was used to assess the longitudinal arch of the feet, and the Wejsflog length-width index for assessing the transverse arch. In addition, parameters such as the length and width of the foot, the position of the big toe, the little toe and the back of the heel were analysed. Longer and wider feet were characteristic of boys. As the children became older, the longitudinal arch of the feet fell, while only girls showed a slight improvement in the lateral arch of the foot. There was a high rate of flat feet. The children examined, who were aged 5 and 9 years, had a correctly positioned toe and heel, while there was varus of the little toe. The length-width dimensions of the feet changed significantly over time. Girls and boys differed significantly in the values of the Clarke's angle defining the longitudinal arch of the feet, while no significant differences in the lateral arch of the feet were noted. With age, there was no change in the position of the toe, toe and heel.</jats:p>

<jats:p>The aim of this study was to assess the effect of four weeks' application of plyometric training of modifying character (circuit manner of execution) on the explosive power of lover limb development (rebound jump emphasis on vertical and horizontal movement) in moderately advanced female volleyball players. Fourteen female volleyball players from Academic Sports Club, which played matches at the 3rd level of women's league, participated in the experiment (mean /SD: age 22.66 ± 2,96 y, body height 180.78 ± 6.1 cm, body mass 71.9 ± 4.9 kg). Volleyball players performed three DJs from a 20/40/60 cm platform with two different rebound jump: one of vertical (height of the rebound) and second of horizontal (length of the rebound) performance. The Opto-Jump optical measurement system was used to perform measurements of contact flying times, with an accuracy of 1/1,000 seconds, and the height and length of rebound-jump. Additionally, this experiment addressed 4 weeks of regular plyometric training (PT) divided into 2 dependent training sessions ( combine with other volleyball activities). Results showed only significant statistical differences in two jumps (DJ-40 cm and DJ60 cm with horizontal-rebound) after the application of the four-weeks of plyometric training. There were no significant changes in the DJ -20/40/60 cm with vertical-rebound. Our findings suggest that plyometric training positively affects horizontal jump performance, albeit with an improvement greater than that recorded with a vertical jump. The lack of solid strength preparation before the plyometric intervention, executed in the manner as a circuit, - means lack of quality and performed as a unit combined with other volleyball activities greatly impacted (poor) results in DJ-20/40/60-cm with a vertical rebound.</jats:p>

<jats:p>In competitive ballroom dancing, the assessment of the aesthetics of physique directly affects the result. Although the regulations do not specify any restrictions, judges discriminate against couples with large morphological disproportions. Therefore, physique is an important determinant of selection in this discipline. The varied individual and intersexual dynamics of biological development necessitates a change of a partner during the adolescence period, as the disproportions that arise from therein disturb the fluidity of movements and aesthetics, which is subject to judges’ assessment. This paper attempts to estimate the dimorphic differences in the distribution of adipose tissue in a group of male and female dancers practicing competitive ballroom dance at the highest level. The obtained results allow concluding that systematic, multi-annual, task-oriented physical activity of dancers eliminates sex differences in the scope of adipose tissue. Most importantly, the obtained data may be helpful in the development and optimization of selection systems of dance partners for couples practicing competitive ballroom dancing.</jats:p>

<jats:p>The studies were conducted to determine the degree of dependence between the physical conditions of organizing school exercise classes and the accompanying emotions expressed by pupils. The factor differentiating the nature of these classes was the environment, which in one case was the natural environment in the vicinity of the school, and in the other one - school infrastructure facilities. The data were collected using The Physical Activity Group Environment Questionnaire PAGEQ in a group of 220 students participating in a kinesiology learning project. The results seem to indicate the role of the natural environment that positively shapes human feelings.</jats:p>

<jats:p>The aim of this research is to determine the differences between the aerobic functional abilities of football players from different positions in the team, which should serve as a starting point in planning and monitoring the training process of football players. VO2max, as a basic parameter of functional abilities, was obtained by applying a laboratory progressive test on the treadmill. The sample of respondents was composed of 57 respondents (GOD = 22.47 ± 3.78SD), football players of clubs competing in the first and second leagues of Serbia from the area of Vojvodina, of which 8 goalkeepers, 16 defensive, 17 midfielders and 16 attackers. To test the functional capabilities (oxygen consumption - VOmax), we used a test of progressive continuous load on the treadmill with increasing load per minute through a "breath-by-breath" gas analyzer (Quark PFT ErgoCPET, Cosmed, Italy), which gave data on ventilation and spiroergometric parameters of the subjects by different positions in the team. Anthropometric measures of body weight- (TM) and body height- (TV) were applied to test the morphological characteristics of the subjects. SPSS 20.0 software package was used for data processing. In order to determine the statistically significant differences of the measured variables between football players by positions, a one-factor anova of different groups, the level of statistical significance (p &lt;0.05) was used. The obtained results of maximum oxygen consumption indicated that there is a statistically significant difference in aerobic abilities between goalkeepers and players in other positions, and they are certainly a consequence of the physiological requirements placed before them and the different training process. The highest mean value of VO2 max had midfielders (53.3 ± 1.9 ml / kg / min), followed by attackers (52.9 ± 4.4 ml / kg / min), defensive players (51.8 ± 3, 3 ml / kg / min) while the lowest values were recorded in the goalkeeper (50.5 ± 1.8 ml / kg / min). There is a logical conclusion that the need for running midfielders is the greatest, and the goalkeeper the least, and that the results are the result of training processes and different requirements for individual positions in the team.</jats:p>

<jats:p>An increase in the level of physical activity has become an important part of recommendations in the management of low back pain (LBP). While the effect of a low level of physical activity on postural stability is becoming clear, the possible effect of high level of physical activity in individuals with LBP has received less attention to date. Objective. The aim of this study was to find out whether there exist differences regarding postural stability taking into account the level of physical activity in individuals with and without LBP. Methods. This cross-sectional study included 58 participants with LBP and 24 healthy persons. Participants were divided into two subgroups, i.e. participants with a moderate level of physical activity (MPA) and participants with a high level of physical activity (HPA). A questionnaire was used to assess LBP prevalence. Postural stability was assessed with the use of the dynamographic platform. Results. There were no differences between groups for any of the centre of pressure (COP) parameters assessed: average velocity (V), area of the ellipse (AoE), length of the ellipse in the anteriorposterior direction (LoEAP) and length of the ellipse in the medial-lateral direction (LoEML). Conclusion. Our study showed that in the group of participants with LBP a high level of physical activity does not ensure better postural stability than a moderate level of physical activity. However, physical activity helps people with LBP to prevent postural instability.</jats:p>

<jats:p>Effect of 5-weeks running training on modulation of the H-reflex amplitude on soleus muscle in non-trained men was studied. It was established that modulation of the H-reflex amplitude occurs in two phases. In the course of the first 3 weeks of running training (first phase) statistically significant (p &lt; 0.05) increase in H-reflex amplitudes and the maximum H-reflex to the maximum M-response amplitudes ratio (10%) were registered. In contrast to the first phase, decrease in investigated parameters up to initial values were observed during the next 2 weeks of the training (second phase). An increase in the of the soleus H-reflex amplitude, is probably due to the enhanced drive in descending pathways, increased motoneuron excitability and changes in presynaptic Ia afferent inhibition, whereas decrease in the amplitude of the H-reflex might occurs presumably due to motor learning. Apparently, that the repetitive task, which automatically performed and controlled on a spinal or brainstem level can be reflected in the normalization and stabilization of the H-reflexes registered after running training in later period.</jats:p>

<jats:p>Strength training is an important part of the preparation of competitive athletes. The subject of interest of the scientists connected of sports swimming was the level of strength ability of the competitors practising this sport and the influence of this ability on the final sports result. The purpose of this review is to describe and consider the impact of strength training of the shoulder muscles in sports swimming. A literature review was conducted in Embase, Medline PubMed, DOAJ, EBSCO and Google databases. Basic search terms are: training in sports swimming, strength tests, evaluation of muscle properties, rotation of the arm, strength measurement methods. Results: 235 results were found and 148 professional publications were selected and analysed. A thorough review of scientific publications indicates that strength parameters of the shoulder girdle muscles played a very important role on the sports performance of swimmers. The programmes combining swim training with 'on land' strength improvement or electrical stimulation are more effective than swim training alone. Significant fatigue of the rotator muscles can impair shoulder stability and result in injury. Increased strength in the internal rotation movement may result pathological conditions of the shoulder.</jats:p>

<jats:p>Considering the growing global problem and the lack of obesity data in Bosnia and Herzegovina (BH) the main aim of this paper was to determine BH school-age children body composition and determine the differences in body composition between girls and boys classified in underweight, normal weight and overweight according to the body mass index (BMI) score. 2524 participants 1763 girls and 761 boys (aged 10-13 yrs.) from 32 elementary schools were randomly selected and divided to 3 BMI groups by WHO cut-off points. InBody 370 Body Composition Analyzer (BioSpace, Seoul, Korea), a segmental bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) device was used to gather data. The results showed ~38% of the sample were classified as overweight whilst gender differences showed higher body fat mass and fat percentages in arms, trunk and legs in underweight and normal weight girls and higher skeletal muscle mass in normal weight and overweight boys.</jats:p>