Catálogo de publicaciones - revistas

<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title> <jats:p> In order to fulfil its mission, the Belgian Regulatory Body (constituted in Belgium by FANC and Bel V) has set up its own Research &amp; Development programme, independent from the Waste Management Organisation's one. The Regulatory Body's Research &amp; Development programme is mostly intended to investigate safety issues with the objective to be able to assess if the safety concept developed by the Waste Management Organisation fulfils the defined safety requirements. It includes the development and the follow-up of <jats:italic>in situ</jats:italic> experiments in underground research laboratories (e.g. in the Mont Terri project in Switzerland and at Tournemire in France). Such activities are essential to maintain and improve the scientific and technical skills, to strengthen the independence from the Waste Management Organisation and to build public confidence in the regulatory function. </jats:p> <jats:p> More generally, Research &amp; Development in underground research laboratories is important to the Regulatory Body as it allows investigating processes, technologies and activities important to safety under <jats:italic>in situ</jats:italic> conditions. In particular, it is essential to accurately identify and characterize the processes upon which the safety functions of a disposal system rely, as well as processes that may affect the system performance. It is also necessary to demonstrate that construction and operational methods and technologies are technically feasible and can be implemented as assumed in the safety case. Such research and development activities are of great importance to properly manage some of the key uncertainties associated with a disposal programme and in particular to identify, characterize and reduce them where needed. </jats:p>

<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title> <jats:p> Since the 1990s, SCK CEN, EIG EURIDICE and ONDRAF/NIRAS have been investigating the impact of gas generation on the Boom Clay and the engineered barriers. Several experiments have been performed to study gas transport in Boom Clay at laboratory scale and in the HADES URL. This paper gives an overview of these experiments. The transition from the laboratory to the <jats:italic>in-situ</jats:italic> scale is still a challenging task. It is our ambition to address these issues for Boom Clay, starting with the diffusive transport of dissolved gas. A large set of gas diffusion coefficients in Boom Clay from small-scale lab experiments (centimetre scale) is already available, and in order to validate these for use on a larger (metre) scale, an <jats:italic>in-situ</jats:italic> diffusion experiment with dissolved gas will be performed in the HADES URL, using the existing boreholes. In this new experiment, called NEMESIS, dissolved neon gas will be injected in one filter, and its diffusion will be monitored by three other filters. By re-using existing boreholes dating from the 1990s, the NEMESIS experiment will continue to provide new diffusion data for the next five years. </jats:p>

<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title> <jats:p>Since 1975, the European Commission has supported research in the field of radioactive waste management and geological disposal through the Euratom Research and Training Programme. During the first two community programmes (1975–85), the research activities focused on basic knowledge, feasibility and safety assessments of such geological disposal repositories. It was during this first decade of collaborative research activities that the site characterization, preliminary design studies and the application for authorization to construct the first underground research laboratory, the High Activity Disposal Experimental Site facility, took place.</jats:p>

<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title> <jats:p>The region of Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan and Uzbekistan includes five first-order tectonic units with an Early Palaeozsoic sedimentary record, comprising North Tien Shan, Karatau Naryn, Turkestan - Alai, Zeravshan - Hissar and the Central Pamirs. Available palaeobiogeographical and palaeomagnetic data suggest that these were widely dispersed in the Ordovician. North Tien Shan, Karatau Naryn, Turkestan - Alai were separate microcontinents located in the low southern latitudes throughout the Ordovician in relative proximity to the western Gondwana margin. Zeravshan - Hissar and the Central Pamirs were also parts of the Gondwana supercontinent but were located in temperate latitudes. The geological literature on the Ordovician of the region is assessed to provide an updated palaeontological record, outline of lithostratigraphy, and biostratigraphic correlation based on the International Chronostratigraphical Chart. The Ordovician biostratigraphy of Central Asia is mainly graptolite-based; however, that record is discontinuous and the absence of detailed faunal logs and lack of monographic studies causes difficulty in precisely locating system and stage boundaries. Although an extensive faunal record has been documented, often it is based on preliminary taxonomical identifications which are not reliable for high-resolution biostratigraphy and tracing biodiversity patterns.</jats:p>

<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title> <jats:p>This paper summarizes recent knowledge on the palaeontology, biostratigraphy, correlation, sea-level and climate history and isotopic geochemistry of the Ordovician rocks in the western and central parts of the East European Craton, in the area extending from the southern margin of the Fennoscandian Shield to the western margin of the Ukrainian Shield. The regional chronostratigraphic standard is briefly summarized and its correlation to the global standard of the Ordovician is addressed. A two-part correlation chart of 10 areas with unique local Ordovician successions is aligned with the most recent international correlation standard of the Ordovician System and presented against the regular timescale. An updated summary of the evolution of the marine assemblages is provided, the principal gaps in the existing extremely rich palaeontological database are identified and the main bioevents are discussed.</jats:p>

<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title> <jats:p> Once highlighted for having significant shale gas resource potential, the Bowland Basin has been at the centre of both scientific and political controversy over the last decade. Previous shale gas resource estimates range from 10 <jats:sup>3</jats:sup> −10 <jats:sup>1</jats:sup> TCF. Repeated events of induced seismicity following hydraulic fracturing operations led to an indefinite government moratorium and abandonment of operations across the mainland United Kingdom. We use apatite fission track analyses to investigate the magnitude and timing of post-Triassic uplift and exhumation. Results indicate maximum paleo temperatures of 90−100=°C were reached in the stratigraphically younger Sherwood Sandstone. We combine paleotemperature predictions to constrain paleo heat flow and erosion in regional basin models for the first time. Our results indicate variable maximum Late Cretaceous paleo heat flow values of 62.5−80 mW m and the removal of 800−1500 m of post-Triassic strata at wells across the basin. Regional 2D basin modelling indicates a gas in-place estimate of 131 ± 64 TCF for the Bowland Shale. This reduces to a resource potential of 13.1 ± 64 TCF, assuming a recovery factor of 10%. These values are significantly lower than previous resource estimates and reflect the highly complex nature of the Bowland Basin and relatively unknown history of post-Triassic uplift, exhumation, and erosion. </jats:p>

<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title> <jats:p>This is a guide to the key exposures of the Bowland Shale Formation present within the Craven and Edale basins of England, providing contrasting settings from respectively the northern and southern parts of the Craven Group extent. It provides a description of the evolution of the deposition of the hemipelagic mudstone-dominated components of the Craven Group during the Viséan to early Namurian (Mississippian to early Pennsylvanian). It explains the significance of the chosen localities in understanding the development of the Bowland Shale Formation and gives details on the sections visible at the time of compilation, providing useful guidance for field visits.</jats:p>

<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title> <jats:p>This contribution reviews the evidence for terrestrial organisms during the Ordovician (microbial, land plant, fungal, animal) and for the nature of the terrestrial biota. The evidence regarding the origin and early diversification of land plants combines information from both fossils and living organisms. Extant plants can be utilized in: (1) phylogenetic analyses to provide evidence for the nature of the algal–land plant transition and the characteristics of the most basal land plants; (2) evolutionary developmental biology studies of the characters that enabled the invasion of the land; (3) molecular clock analysis to provide evidence regarding timing of the origin and diversification of land plants. We conclude that the Ordovician was a critical period during the terrestrialization of planet Earth that witnessed the transition from a microbial terrestrial biota to one dominated by a vegetation of the most basal land plants.</jats:p>

<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title> <jats:p>The Ordovician documented in south-eastern Europe reflects different sedimentary environments, from shallow water to basin, belonging to diverse palaeogeographical domains. Some of these geological sectors and their palaeontological content have been well described for a long time, like the Carnic Alps, that represent one of the most continuous Palaeozoic sequence in the world. For some other areas, the quality of the data is variable and the knowledge is less detailed, sometimes with lithostratigraphic units still to be formalized, also reflecting the fragmentary nature of the outcrops. The Ordovician stratigraphy of diverse successions of south-eastern Europe has been herein revised and integrated with new data in the attempt of detecting a global scenario for this critical time interval in the evolution of life.</jats:p>

<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title> <jats:p>The lower Palaeozoic succession of central Europe exposed in the Bohemian Massif is a classic area of geology with a long-standing tradition of research dating back to the 18th century. The Ordovician rocks form parts of sections in several units that sit on the Cadomian basement. These sedimentary and volcano-sedimentary fillings of partial depressions in the basement are relics of the system of rift basins in the Gondwanan margin reflecting the rifting of the Rheic Ocean. The Ordovician sections are related to the subsidence period during the extensional regime accompanied by volcanism. They are underlain by Neoproterozoic or Cambrian rocks and continue up usually without breaks. After closure of the Rheic Ocean due to the Gondwana-Laurussia collision, the Ordovician successions were incorporated into the Variscan Orogen belt and preserved in denudation relics such as the Bohemian Massif and its units. Ordovician strata with Gondwanan shelf affinities can be traced along the Variscans from Spain to central Europe, and are reflected in the regional stratigraphic scale based mainly on the succession in the Prague Basin. The Ordovician fill of this accumulation centre, together with relics of another preserved in the Schwarzburg Anticline, represent the main exposures in the Bohemian Massif. The individual features of the Ordovician successions, such as facies developments, fossil associations, and volcanism, make them model areas both for understanding the palaeogeographic and geotectonic evolution of the peri-Gondwanan margin and as cool-water stratigraphic standards.</jats:p>