Catálogo de publicaciones - revistas

<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title><jats:p>Accurate estimation and attribution of large‐scale changes in plant transpiration are critical to understand the impacts of vegetation dynamics on the terrestrial hydrological cycle. However, these aspects remain poorly understood due to the limited reliability of global transpiration products. Here we compile data from 101 site‐based transpiration measurements across the globe and use them to constrain three biophysically based data‐driven transpiration products. The constrained transpiration reveals a prominent increasing trend of 0.61–0.79 mm yr<jats:sup>−2</jats:sup> during 1980–2021, which is overestimated by 8%–32% in unconstrained transpiration. We further find that the global transpiration increase is mainly driven by leaf area index increase (40%), followed by climate change (19%), though offset partly by CO<jats:sub>2</jats:sub>‐induced stomatal closure (−38%) and land use and cover change (−3%). Our refined estimates indicate a less substantial increase of global transpiration than previously thought, improving the understanding of transpiration change impact on global hydrological cycle.</jats:p>

<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title><jats:p>Stratified turbulence (ST) has been proposed as a model for the dynamics of the mesosphere‐lower thermosphere (MLT) region. This theory postulates that for horizontal mesoscales (∼1–400 km), the kinetic energy of horizontal winds dissipates from large to small scales with an approximately mean constant rate. In this investigation, dissipation rates are quantified using meteor‐radar observations conducted in Northern Norway. The observed seasonal variability of dissipation rates exhibits maxima during the summer and winter, and minima near the equinoxes, between 80 and 95 km altitude. The results are compared with model predictions and earlier medium frequency radar, rocket, lidar, and satellite observations of MLT turbulence. The findings suggest that multi‐static meteor radar measurements of ST can provide a novel way to continuously monitor turbulent dissipation rates in the MLT region.</jats:p>

<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title><jats:p>We quantify the effect of dust accumulation at Jezero crater by means of a Dust Correction Factor (DCF) for the solar radiation measured by the photodiodes of the Radiation and Dust Sensor of the Mars 2020 mission. After one Mars Year, dust on the photodiode surface attenuated 25%–30% of the incoming solar radiation. The DCF did not decrease monotonically; we use a model to reproduce its evolution and to derive dust deposition and lifting rates, showing that dust removal is 9 times larger at Jezero crater than at InSight's location in western Elysium Planitia. The model fit obtained using observed opacities is further improved when fed with dust sedimentation rates simulated by a GCM that considers a particle size distrtibution. Projections show seasonal net dust removal, being encouraging for the long‐term survival of solar‐powered missions to Jezero or similarly active dust lifting regions.</jats:p>

<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title><jats:p>On 15 January 2022, the largest eruption of the Hunga‐Tonga volcano in recorded history produced a plume registered by multi‐parametric instruments around the world. However, the far‐field hydrogeological responses to Lamb waves from this eruption remain underexplored. We studied the responses of groundwater to the volcanic eruption in the far‐field over 8,700 km, including 274 wells. Results show that the Lamb waves with a speed of 316 m/s affects the groundwater system, leading to similar fluctuations in well water level (WL) and opposite phase fluctuation in borehole strain. Different wells exhibit diverse responses in WL amplitudes, possibly for heterogeneities in local aquifer systems. <jats:italic>Gain</jats:italic> values of 5 wells that simultaneously measure atmospheric pressure, borehole air pressure, borehole strain and WL are consistent with results obtained through cross‐power spectrum estimation. This work demonstrates a novel response in far‐field groundwater systems induced by Lamb waves and expects application for aquifer parameter estimation.</jats:p>

<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title><jats:p>Accurately measuring emission factors (<jats:italic>E</jats:italic><jats:sub><jats:italic>s</jats:italic></jats:sub>) of biogenic volatile organic compounds (BVOCs) with consideration of intraspecific variability is vital but often overlooked. This study presents in‐situ measurements of BVOC emissions from 114 <jats:italic>Eucalyptus urophylla</jats:italic> individuals using the LI‐6800 portable photosynthesis system. We observed intraspecific variability exceeding an order of magnitude in BVOC <jats:italic>E</jats:italic><jats:sub><jats:italic>s</jats:italic></jats:sub>. Despite this variability, our approach yielded statistically representative <jats:italic>E</jats:italic><jats:sub><jats:italic>s</jats:italic></jats:sub> for <jats:italic>E</jats:italic>. <jats:italic>urophylla</jats:italic>, yet challenging the feasibility of extensive field measurements. By quickly screening net photosynthesis rate (<jats:italic>P</jats:italic><jats:sub>n</jats:sub>) across a broad set of individuals and selecting those within a specific <jats:italic>P</jats:italic><jats:sub>n</jats:sub> range, such as mean ± 0.1 × SD (standard deviation) of <jats:italic>P</jats:italic><jats:sub>n</jats:sub> for all screened individuals, for detailed BVOC emission measurements, we achieved comparable mean <jats:italic>E</jats:italic><jats:sub><jats:italic>s</jats:italic></jats:sub> with approximately 10% of the original sampling effort. This offers a practical solution for efficient and accurate field measurement of representative BVOC <jats:italic>E</jats:italic><jats:sub><jats:italic>s</jats:italic></jats:sub>, significantly reducing required sample size while effectively addressing intraspecific variability.</jats:p>

<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title><jats:p>Chorus subpackets are the wave packets with modulated amplitudes in chorus waves, commonly observed in the magnetospheres of Earth and other planets. Nonlinear wave‐particle interactions have been suggested to play an important role in subpacket formation, yet the corresponding electron dynamics remain not fully understood. In this study, we have investigated the electron trapping through cyclotron resonance with subpackets, using a self‐consistent general curvilinear plasma simulation code simulation model in dipole fields. The electron trapping period has been quantified separately through electron dynamic analysis and theoretical derivation. Both methods indicate that the electron trapping period is shorter than the subpacket period/duration. We have further established the relation between electron trapping period and subpacket period through statistical analysis using simulation and observational data. Our study demonstrates that the nonlinear electron trapping through cyclotron resonance is the dominant mechanism responsible for subpacket formation.</jats:p>

<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title><jats:p>Variability of ice microphysical properties like crystal size and density in cirrus clouds is important for climate through its impact on radiative forcing, but challenging to represent in models. For the first time, recent laboratory experiments of particle growth (tied to crystal morphology via deposition density) are combined with a state‐of‐the‐art Lagrangian particle‐based microphysics model in large‐eddy simulations to examine sources of microphysical variability in cirrus. Simulated particle size distributions compare well against balloon‐borne observations. Overall, microphysical variability is dominated by variability in the particles' thermodynamic histories. However, diversity in crystal morphology notably increases spatial variability of mean particle size and density, especially at mid‐levels in the cloud. Little correlation between instantaneous crystal properties and supersaturation occurs even though the modeled particle morphology is directly tied to supersaturation based on laboratory measurements. Thus, the individual thermodynamic paths of each particle, not the instantaneous conditions, control the evolution of particle properties.</jats:p>

<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title><jats:p>Strengthening aquatic resilience to prevent adverse shifts is critical for preserving global freshwater biodiversity and advancing Sustainable Development Goals. Nonetheless, understanding the long‐term trends and underlying causes of lake ecosystem resilience at a global scale remains elusive. Here, we employ an innovative framework, integrating satellite‐derived water quality indices with early warning signals and machine learning techniques, to investigate the dynamics of resilience in 1,049 lakes worldwide during 2000–2018. Our results indicate that 46.7% of lakes are experiencing a significant decline in resilience, particularly since the early 2010s, closely associated with higher human population density and anthropogenic eutrophication. In contrast, most lakes situated in alpine regions exhibit an increase in resilience, probably benefiting from climate warming and wetting. Together, this study provides a novel way to monitor lake resilience and predict undesired transitions, and reveals a widespread erosion in the ability of lakes to withstand stressors associated with global change.</jats:p>

<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title><jats:p>Satellite laser ranging (SLR) is a well‐established geodetic technique for measuring the low‐degree time‐variable gravity field for decades. However, its application in mass change estimation is limited by low spatial resolution, even for global mean ocean mass (GMOM) change which represents one of the largest spatial scales. After successfully correcting for signal leakage, for the first time, we can infer realistic GMOM changes using SLR‐derived gravity fields up to only degree and order 5. Our leakage‐corrected SLR GMOM estimates are compared with those from the Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) for the period 2005 to 2015. Our results show that the GMOM rate estimates from SLR are in remarkable agreement with those from GRACE, at 2.23 versus 2.28 mm/year, respectively. This proof‐of‐concept study opens the possibility of directly quantifying GMOM change using SLR data prior to the GRACE era.</jats:p>

<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title><jats:p>La Palma, Canary Islands, had its largest historical eruption in 2021. From January 2022 to May 2023 there were &gt;2,100 seismic events, primarily at depths ≤20 km, prompting us to update the deformation and modeling study, using interferometric synthetic aperture radar observations and a last generation interpretation tool. We detect the evolution of the remaining magmatic body in the SW portion of the island, with arrival of new magma moving into the oceanic crust out to sea, and a pressurized zone in the central‐eastern area, at regions of structural weakness. The current source characteristics have some similarities to the early stage dynamics prior to the 2021 eruption. Operational and multidisciplinary studies must continue to monitor either their stabilization or growth and destabilization. The ability to identify magma ascent using only deformation data over short time periods allows us to characterize unrest patterns and provide new insights into volcanic processes.</jats:p>