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Science

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Institución detectada Período Navegá Descargá Solicitá
No detectada desde mar. 1997 / hasta dic. 2023 Science Journals

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Tipo de recurso:

revistas

ISSN impreso

0036-8075

ISSN electrónico

1095-9203

Editor responsable

American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)

País de edición

Estados Unidos

Fecha de publicación

Cobertura temática

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Removing energy with an exoskeleton reduces the metabolic cost of walking

Michael ShepertyckyORCID; Sarah Burton; Andrew Dickson; Yan-Fei LiuORCID; Qingguo LiORCID

<jats:title>Store energy and save energy</jats:title> <jats:p> Many devices have been developed to harvest energy from walking or running, but their use often comes at cost to the wearer in the form of increased metabolic demand. Shepertycky <jats:italic>et al.</jats:italic> designed a device that can harvest mechanical energy from a natural walking gait and convert it to useable electrical energy while also reducing the metabolic energy consumption of the user (see the Perspective by Riemer <jats:italic>et al.</jats:italic> ). The key to achieving “something from nothing” comes from designing the device to use muscle-centric control of the knee exoskeleton resistance to reduce active muscle force during the late part of the leg swing cycle. </jats:p> <jats:p> <jats:italic>Science</jats:italic> , aba9947, this issue p. <jats:related-article issue="6545" page="957" related-article-type="in-this-issue" vol="372">957</jats:related-article> ; see also abh4007, p. <jats:related-article issue="6545" page="909" related-article-type="in-this-issue" vol="372">909</jats:related-article> </jats:p>

Palabras clave: Multidisciplinary.

Pp. 957-960

Control of polarization in bulk ferroelectrics by mechanical dislocation imprint

Marion HöflingORCID; Xiandong ZhouORCID; Lukas M. RiemerORCID; Enrico BruderORCID; Binzhi LiuORCID; Lin ZhouORCID; Pedro B. Groszewicz; Fangping ZhuoORCID; Bai-Xiang XuORCID; Karsten DurstORCID; Xiaoli TanORCID; Dragan DamjanovicORCID; Jurij KoruzaORCID; Jürgen RödelORCID

<jats:title>Imprinting oxides</jats:title> <jats:p> Dislocations can be problematic for the properties of functional oxides and are often avoided as a result. Höfling <jats:italic>et al.</jats:italic> found that introducing a network of dislocations to barium titanate actually enhanced the dielectric and piezoelectric properties. The authors introduced the dislocation network with uniaxial compression, which forced the material to have a domain structure that enhanced the piezoelectric coefficient by a factor of 19. This strategy should be a useful tool for optimizing properties of other functional oxides. </jats:p> <jats:p> <jats:italic>Science</jats:italic> , abe3810, this issue p. <jats:related-article issue="6545" page="961" related-article-type="in-this-issue" vol="372">961</jats:related-article> </jats:p>

Palabras clave: Multidisciplinary.

Pp. 961-964

Free coherent evolution of a coupled atomic spin system initialized by electron scattering

Lukas M. VeldmanORCID; Laëtitia FarinacciORCID; Rasa RejaliORCID; Rik BroekhovenORCID; Jérémie GobeilORCID; David CoffeyORCID; Markus TernesORCID; Alexander F. OtteORCID

<jats:title>Fast spin flips for entangled atoms</jats:title> <jats:p> The integration of pump-probe spectroscopy with scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) tools has allowed studies of spin relaxation in atoms on the nanosecond time scale. However, following the free evolution of a pair of entangled spins requires faster initial excitation than can be delivered with microwave pulses. Veldman <jats:italic>et al.</jats:italic> sequentially combined electron spin resonance–STM and direct-current pump-probe techniques to instantaneously flip spins while preserving spin coherence. They used this method to follow free, coherent flip-flop evolution of two coupled spin-1/2 atoms (hydrogenated titanium atom dimers) on a magnesium oxide surface. </jats:p> <jats:p> <jats:italic>Science</jats:italic> , abg8223, this issue p. <jats:related-article issue="6545" page="964" related-article-type="in-this-issue" vol="372">964</jats:related-article> </jats:p>

Palabras clave: Multidisciplinary.

Pp. 964-968

Mitochondrial NADP(H) generation is essential for proline biosynthesis

Jiajun ZhuORCID; Simon SchwörerORCID; Mirela BerisaORCID; Yeon Ju KyungORCID; Keun Woo RyuORCID; Junmei YiORCID; Xuejun Jiang; Justin R. Cross; Craig B. ThompsonORCID

<jats:title>Providing for protein synthesis</jats:title> <jats:p> Compartmentalization of metabolic processes into organelles can have important consequences. Zhu <jats:italic>et al.</jats:italic> examined the role of the coenzyme nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADP <jats:sup>+</jats:sup> ) and its reduced form (NADPH) in cultured human cells. They found that cells lacking NAD kinase 2, an enzyme needed to make NADPH, had decreased abundance of mitochondrial NADPH and proliferated slowly in culture medium with limited nutrients because of a lack of proline. Proline is made in the mitochondria, and thus a key function of NADPH in the mitochondria appears to be the synthesis of proline to sustain cellular protein synthesis. </jats:p> <jats:p> <jats:italic>Science</jats:italic> , abd5491, this issue p. <jats:related-article issue="6545" page="968" related-article-type="in-this-issue" vol="372">968</jats:related-article> </jats:p>

Palabras clave: Multidisciplinary.

Pp. 968-972

Nematic quantum criticality in an Fe-based superconductor revealed by strain-tuning

Thanapat WorasaranORCID; Matthias S. IkedaORCID; Johanna C. PalmstromORCID; Joshua A. W. StraquadineORCID; Steven A. KivelsonORCID; Ian R. FisherORCID

<jats:title>Pervasive criticality</jats:title> <jats:p> Iron-based superconductors are believed to host a quantum critical point (QCP), a zero-temperature phase transition, beneath the “dome” delineating the superconducting phase. Elucidating the nature of this QCP is, however, tricky. Worasaran <jats:italic>et al.</jats:italic> set out to do just that in a prototypical iron-based superconductor, barium iron arsenide. By applying strain to their samples, the researchers found power-law behaviors that are characteristic of nematic quantum criticality. The associated quantum fluctuations were present over a large portion of the phase diagram. This method may be useful in studying quantum criticality in other material systems. </jats:p> <jats:p> <jats:italic>Science</jats:italic> , abb9280, this issue p. <jats:related-article issue="6545" page="973" related-article-type="in-this-issue" vol="372">973</jats:related-article> </jats:p>

Palabras clave: Multidisciplinary.

Pp. 973-977

Local conditions magnify coral loss after marine heatwaves

Mary K. DonovanORCID; Deron E. BurkepileORCID; Chelsey Kratochwill; Tom ShlesingerORCID; Shannon SullyORCID; Thomas A. Oliver; Gregor HodgsonORCID; Jan FreiwaldORCID; Robert van WoesikORCID

<jats:title>Think globally, act locally</jats:title> <jats:p> Climate change–driven elevations in temperature over the past few decades have caused repeated coral bleaching and subsequent death. The impact is so widespread that it has been suggested that only climate change reversal can save coral reefs globally. Donovan <jats:italic>et al.</jats:italic> looked at the interaction between local conditions and coral reef health and found that poor conditions magnify climate impacts (see the Perspective by Knowlton). Furthermore, reefs where human stressors such as overfishing or pollution were minimized fared better. Such results suggest that caring for reefs locally may help them to persist in our warming world. </jats:p> <jats:p> <jats:italic>Science</jats:italic> , abd9464, this issue p. <jats:related-article issue="6545" page="977" related-article-type="in-this-issue" vol="372">977</jats:related-article> ; see also abi7286, p. <jats:related-article issue="6545" page="908" related-article-type="in-this-issue" vol="372">908</jats:related-article> </jats:p>

Palabras clave: Multidisciplinary.

Pp. 977-980

Hemispheric asymmetry in ocean change and the productivity of ecosystem sentinels

W. J. Sydeman; D. S. SchoemanORCID; S. A. ThompsonORCID; B. A. HooverORCID; M. García-ReyesORCID; F. DauntORCID; P. AgnewORCID; T. Anker-NilssenORCID; C. BarbraudORCID; R. Barrett; P. H. Becker; E. BellORCID; P. D. Boersma; S. BouwhuisORCID; B. CannellORCID; R. J. M. Crawford; P. DannORCID; K. DelordORCID; G. Elliott; K. E. Erikstad; E. Flint; R. W. FurnessORCID; M. P. Harris; S. Hatch; K. HilwigORCID; J. T. HinkeORCID; J. JahnckeORCID; J. A. MillsORCID; T. K. Reiertsen; H. RennerORCID; R. B. SherleyORCID; C. Surman; G. Taylor; J. A. Thayer; P. N. TrathanORCID; E. VelardeORCID; K. WalkerORCID; S. Wanless; P. Warzybok; Y. WatanukiORCID

<jats:title>Sampling seabirds</jats:title> <jats:p> The vastness of the worlds' oceans makes them difficult to monitor. Seabirds that forage and breed across oceans globally have been recognized as sentinels of ocean health. Sydeman <jats:italic>et al.</jats:italic> looked across seabird species of both the Northern and Southern Hemispheres and found varying patterns. Northern Hemisphere species exhibited greater signs of stress and reduced breeding success, indicative of low fish resources. Southern Hemisphere species showed less impact on reproductive output, suggesting that the fish populations there have thus far been less disturbed. The differences across hemispheres indicate different strategies for conservation, with active recovery needed in the north and enhanced protection in the south. </jats:p> <jats:p> <jats:italic>Science</jats:italic> , abf1772, this issue p. <jats:related-article issue="6545" page="980" related-article-type="in-this-issue" vol="372">980</jats:related-article> </jats:p>

Palabras clave: Multidisciplinary.

Pp. 980-983

3D genomics across the tree of life reveals condensin II as a determinant of architecture type

Claire HoencampORCID; Olga DudchenkoORCID; Ahmed M. O. ElbatshORCID; Sumitabha BrahmachariORCID; Jonne A. RaaijmakersORCID; Tom van SchaikORCID; Ángela Sedeño CacciatoreORCID; Vinícius G. ContessotoORCID; Roy G. H. P. van Heesbeen; Bram van den BroekORCID; Aditya N. MhaskarORCID; Hans Teunissen; Brian Glenn St Hilaire; David WeiszORCID; Arina D. OmerORCID; Melanie PhamORCID; Zane Colaric; Zhenzhen Yang; Suhas S. P. Rao; Namita Mitra; Christopher LuiORCID; Weijie Yao; Ruqayya KhanORCID; Leonid L. MorozORCID; Andrea Kohn; Judy St. LegerORCID; Alexandria Mena; Karen Holcroft; Maria Cristina GambettaORCID; Fabian LimORCID; Emma FarleyORCID; Nils SteinORCID; Alexander Haddad; Daniel Chauss; Ayse Sena MutluORCID; Meng C. WangORCID; Neil D. YoungORCID; Evin HildebrandtORCID; Hans H. ChengORCID; Christopher J. KnightORCID; Theresa L. U. BurnhamORCID; Kevin A. HovelORCID; Andrew J. BeelORCID; Pierre-Jean Mattei; Roger D. KornbergORCID; Wesley C. WarrenORCID; Gregory CaryORCID; José Luis Gómez-Skarmeta; Veronica HinmanORCID; Kerstin Lindblad-TohORCID; Federica Di Palma; Kazuhiro MaeshimaORCID; Asha S. MultaniORCID; Sen PathakORCID; Liesl Nel-Themaat; Richard R. Behringer; Parwinder KaurORCID; René H. Medema; Bas van SteenselORCID; Elzo de WitORCID; José N. OnuchicORCID; Michele Di PierroORCID; Erez Lieberman AidenORCID; Benjamin D. RowlandORCID

<jats:title>Organismal evolution of the 3D genome</jats:title> <jats:p> The conformation of chromosomes within the nucleus can reflect a cell's type or state. However, studies of the conservation and evolutionary history of the mechanisms regulating genome structure across species are lacking. Hoencamp <jats:italic>et al.</jats:italic> mapped three-dimensional (3D) genome organization in 24 eukaryote species, including animals, fungi, and plants. At interphase, species' telomeres and centromeres either clustered across chromosomes or oriented in a polarized state maintaining individual chromosomal territories within the cell, a difference attributed to condensin II. An experimental loss of condensin II in human cells promotes the formation of centromere clusters but has no effect on loop or compartment formation. Whether the structure of the 3D genome varies across species may thus depend on whether they carry a functional condensin II gene. </jats:p> <jats:p> <jats:italic>Science</jats:italic> , abe2218, this issue p. <jats:related-article issue="6545" page="984" related-article-type="in-this-issue" vol="372">984</jats:related-article> </jats:p>

Palabras clave: Multidisciplinary.

Pp. 984-989

Resurgence of SARS-CoV-2: Detection by community viral surveillance

Steven RileyORCID; Kylie E. C. AinslieORCID; Oliver EalesORCID; Caroline E. WaltersORCID; Haowei WangORCID; Christina AtchisonORCID; Claudio FronterreORCID; Peter J. Diggle; Deborah AshbyORCID; Christl A. DonnellyORCID; Graham CookeORCID; Wendy BarclayORCID; Helen WardORCID; Ara DarziORCID; Paul ElliottORCID

<jats:title>Community virus surveillance</jats:title> <jats:p> Even highly effective vaccines will not save us from the need to monitor severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) activity, perhaps for years to come. Public health institutions will need early warning of any uptick in cases to prepare and deploy interventions as required. Riley <jats:italic>et al.</jats:italic> developed a community-wide program that was designed to detect resurgence at low prevalence and has been used to track SARS-CoV-2 virus across England. In the four rounds of sampling from May to September 2020, almost 600,000 people representative of all communities were monitored. The results revealed the greatest prevalence among 18- to 24-year-olds, with increasing incidence among older age groups and elevated odds of infection among some communities. This testing approach offers a model for the type of real-time, country-wide population-based surveillance work that needs to be conducted to monitor SARS-CoV-2. </jats:p> <jats:p> <jats:italic>Science</jats:italic> , abf0874, this issue p. <jats:related-article issue="6545" page="990" related-article-type="in-this-issue" vol="372">990</jats:related-article> </jats:p>

Palabras clave: Multidisciplinary.

Pp. 990-995

Family first

Robert Blasiak

Palabras clave: Multidisciplinary.

Pp. 1006-1006