Catálogo de publicaciones - revistas

<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title><jats:p>Accessing the natural genetic diversity of species unveils hidden genetic traits, clarifies gene functions and allows the generalizability of laboratory findings to be assessed. One notable discovery made in natural isolates of <jats:italic>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</jats:italic> is that aneuploidy—an imbalance in chromosome copy numbers—is frequent<jats:sup>1,2</jats:sup> (around 20%), which seems to contradict the substantial fitness costs and transient nature of aneuploidy when it is engineered in the laboratory<jats:sup>3–5</jats:sup>. Here we generate a proteomic resource and merge it with genomic<jats:sup>1</jats:sup> and transcriptomic<jats:sup>6</jats:sup> data for 796 euploid and aneuploid natural isolates. We find that natural and lab-generated aneuploids differ specifically at the proteome. In lab-generated aneuploids, some proteins—especially subunits of protein complexes—show reduced expression, but the overall protein levels correspond to the aneuploid gene dosage. By contrast, in natural isolates, more than 70% of proteins encoded on aneuploid chromosomes are dosage compensated, and average protein levels are shifted towards the euploid state chromosome-wide. At the molecular level, we detect an induction of structural components of the proteasome, increased levels of ubiquitination, and reveal an interdependency of protein turnover rates and attenuation. Our study thus highlights the role of protein turnover in mediating aneuploidy tolerance, and shows the utility of exploiting the natural diversity of species to attain generalizable molecular insights into complex biological processes.</jats:p>

<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title><jats:p>Chiral molecules, used in applications such as enantioselective photocatalysis<jats:sup>1</jats:sup>, circularly polarized light detection<jats:sup>2</jats:sup> and emission<jats:sup>3</jats:sup> and molecular switches<jats:sup>4,5</jats:sup>, exist in two geometrical configurations that are non-superimposable mirror images of each other. These so-called (<jats:italic>R</jats:italic>) and (<jats:italic>S</jats:italic>) enantiomers exhibit different physical and chemical properties when interacting with other chiral entities. Attosecond technology might enable influence over such interactions, given that it can probe and even direct electron motion within molecules on the intrinsic electronic timescale<jats:sup>6</jats:sup> and thereby control reactivity<jats:sup>7–9</jats:sup>. Electron currents in photoexcited chiral molecules have indeed been predicted to enable enantiosensitive molecular orientation<jats:sup>10</jats:sup>, but electron-driven chiral dynamics in neutral molecules have not yet been demonstrated owing to the lack of ultrashort, non-ionizing and perturbative light pulses. Here we use time-resolved photoelectron circular dichroism (TR-PECD)<jats:sup>11–15</jats:sup> with an unprecedented temporal resolution of 2.9 fs to map the coherent electronic motion initiated by ultraviolet (UV) excitation of neutral chiral molecules. We find that electronic beatings between Rydberg states lead to periodic modulations of the chiroptical response on the few-femtosecond timescale, showing a sign inversion in less than 10 fs. Calculations validate this and also confirm that the combination of the photoinduced chiral current with a circularly polarized probe pulse realizes an enantioselective filter of molecular orientations following photoionization. We anticipate that our approach will enable further investigations of ultrafast electron dynamics in chiral systems and reveal a route towards enantiosensitive charge-directed reactivity.</jats:p>

<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title><jats:p>Implanted biomaterials and devices face compromised functionality and efficacy in the long term owing to foreign body reactions and subsequent formation of fibrous capsules at the implant–tissue interfaces<jats:sup>1–4</jats:sup>. Here we demonstrate that an adhesive implant–tissue interface can mitigate fibrous capsule formation in diverse animal models, including rats, mice, humanized mice and pigs, by reducing the level of infiltration of inflammatory cells into the adhesive implant–tissue interface compared to the non-adhesive implant–tissue interface. Histological analysis shows that the adhesive implant–tissue interface does not form observable fibrous capsules on diverse organs, including the abdominal wall, colon, stomach, lung and heart, over 12 weeks in vivo. In vitro protein adsorption, multiplex Luminex assays, quantitative PCR, immunofluorescence analysis and RNA sequencing are additionally carried out to validate the hypothesis. We further demonstrate long-term bidirectional electrical communication enabled by implantable electrodes with an adhesive interface over 12 weeks in a rat model in vivo. These findings may offer a promising strategy for long-term anti-fibrotic implant–tissue interfaces.</jats:p>