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Decontamination ability of the new developed and applied camouflage clothing is researched via evaporation and treatment with air and mixture of evaporated water and ammonia. Kinetics of the processes depending on the temperature and time is determined. Optimal conditions for efficient decontamination and apply in technical means for decontamination of the supplied materials in Republic of Bulgaria are specified.

Industrial toxicants as risk factors for development of dysadaptation syndrome among children population dwelling in unfavorable environmental conditions were under investigation. The response to environmental toxicants in children population was polymodal. The higher concentration of chemicals in environment, the more children with anomalous physiological reaction were found. Children living in polluted areas more often had hypertrophy of tonsils, increased lymphatic nodes and liver size and dismorphic features. Negative influence of toxicants took the form of secondary immune-deficiency state, which was expressed by repeated respiratory infections, etc. Children dwelling in environmentally unfavorable areas showed significant decrease in immunity. Due to the accumulation of heavy metals in humans, effective rehabilitation treatment, which includes pectin-vitamin tablets, natural adaptogenes and antioxidants, have been tested and proposed.

Investigation of the process of cyanide compounds' destruction under plasma action for a number of model solutions and solutions which can be used for arranging the acts of terrorism was carried out. Dependence of the degree of destruction on composition of solutions and initial concentration of cyanides, as well as on power parameters and duration of treatment was established. It was shown that kinetics of cyanide ions' decomposition in model solutions complies with first-order kinetic equation. Plasma treatment results in cyanide compounds breaking up to non-toxic forms, which can be used for neutralization of these solutions.

precautionary measures, chemical terrorism, chemical enterprises, abandoned military wastes, and disaster preparation

The investigation described in this article examined the method of chemical treatment of walls, floor, ceiling, roof, etc. to prevent gas seeping into buildings. A mixture of organic compounds and catalyst are used to fill micropores inside the concrete or another constructive materials against gases, as well as water molecules. The method allows reducing the coefficient of gas (air, Ar, Rn, Kr, Xe, etc.) permeability in 200 – 400 times. Consumption of the chemicals is 0.2 L/m2 for gypsum and 0.3–0.4 L/m for concrete and cement and depends on porosity of the materials.

Early indication and identification of unknown chemical and biological agents play the leading role in the system of countermeasures on liquidation and minimization of the connatural, technogenic and deliberate extreme situations. These necessitate the use of the special laboratory chemical/toxicological, microbiologic, immunological methods of investigation using special hi-tech equipment and specialized laboratories. It is necessary from several hours up to several days for an integrated analysis. Development and introduction of new and simple methods of rapid indication are actual in present. We have proposed method of nonspecific indication of toxic pollutions possible at the various situations including leakages of toxic materials during production of the ordinary chemical compoiuiua and their hit into the objects of the environment, water and food, and also owing to the disasters and deliberate use of chemicals as agents of terrorism. As the ground of this method is the Colpoda steinii (Infuzoria Family) dry culture application, actuary used for the ecologic/toxicological external environment investigations. This method has been applied earlier for an food toxicity evaluation in animal husbandry industries. We have developed the “know-how” for the diagnostic test-system (culture Colpoda steinii) and started production in the Ukraine (GOST 13496.7–97). Method is based on studying of various parentage toxic materials, including chemical compounds, influence on alive biological objects at the level of the integrated organism. Toxicity of the contaminated objects determine by their influence on motility and vital activity of the Colpoda steinii culture. Time from the beginning of the tested probes (water, various surfaces washouts, suspension and solutions of a food products, etc.) influence is the criterion of the toxicity definition. Probes at which addition drop of various degree motility or even colaps of all culture is observed, count as contaminated. Probes with use of which the Colpoda steinii culture destruction comes within 10 minutes of observation consider , during till 3 hours - slightly toxic and if in 3 hours of all culture remains mobile - nontoxic. Method is simple in use, allows to receive confirmation of the pollution and estimate preliminary contamination degree in a short time (from 10 minutes till 3 hours) in the inveronment without use of special expensive equipment. The prelimenary estimation can be made before reception of the conclusion about character of the toxic agent and its identification, and the first clinical signs of a lesion. Besides, this method allows to reveal presence residual polutions and to estimate efficacyy of the carried out decontamination.