Catálogo de publicaciones - libros

As means can be used. Their usage makes up world threat for the development of eco-toxicological catastrophes. Chemical substances hold an important position among the terrorist means. Particularly, it can be military chemical agents, which can fall into terrorists' hands by force of either taking or damaging the places of their storage as a result of armed attacks. Besides, the usage of chemical substances of other destination (such as industrial chemicals, pesticides, etc.) cannot be excluded because of their greater accessibility. The usage of modern knowledge, training, hardware and financial resources by a subject appeared for a terrorist does not exclude the synthesis of toxic substances by underground laboratories. As means for terrorism, chemical, biological, physical, technical and other

chemical tertrorism; diagnostics; exogenic intoxication; extreme situations

The efficacy against lethality and post-intoxication incapacitation after 2x LD50 soman of different subacute pretreatment scenarios of 12 days was tested with or without post-intoxication therapy in guinea pigs. These pretreatment regimes were 1) the currently used pyridostigmine (PYR, 0.04 mg/kg/hr), 2) the combination of physostigmine (PHY, 0.025 mg/kg/hr) with the muscarinic receptor antagonist scopolamine (SCO, 0.018 mg/kg/hr), and 3) the combination of PHY with the anti-Parkinson drug procyclidine (PC, 3 mg/kg, sc). The post-intoxication therapy consisted of HI-6 (21.4 mg/kg, im), atropine sulphate (AS, 0.085 mg/kg, im), and diazepam (DZP, 0.21 mg/kg, im). Behavioral and observational read-out systems were used to elucidate the severity of soman induced incapacitation.

The chemical weapons convention provides for collection and analisis of biomedical samples – blood, urine or othern tissues – in an OPCW investigation of alleged use. The paper provides a synopsis of thye draft report of the OPCW technical working group on biomedical sampling. And how these findings may apply to a atates response to use of chemical agent in a terrorist attack.

Medical research is a branch of biological research, as a fundamental area of scientific research. The results of medical research could be pharmaceutical products, diagnosis methods, surgical or investigational techniques, that are used for medical protection in an NBC environment. The main fields covered by biomedical research in NBC protection are: toxicology, radiobiology, microbiology, pharmacology, pharmaceutical techniques, internal medicine etc. New drugs and vaccines, diagnosis, treatment and prophylaxis methods are the final results of these activities. Rarely, depending on the level of technological development, there is research in the field equipment for pathogens or noxious chemicals identification. The steps required to obtain a new pharmaceutical products are many and often very difficult to go through. The first step is biochemical synthesis of the experimental product, followed by preclinical experiments. These include “in vitro” tests and experiments on laboratory animals that could be forbidden by law, especially if they kill the animal. A very sensitive step is clinical experiment. This supposes to follow all legal aspects regarding experiments on human beings. Also teratogenic, oncogenic, citotoxic effects must be identified, in order to avoid harmful effects on the treated persons. The minimum time to introduce a new drug or vaccine in the medical practice is about ten years. In the biomedical research for NBC pharmaceutical products a very important issue is to find the producer and the funds for them. Due to such difficulties these products are named “orphan products”. This very important aspects requires the involvement of government and public authorities, because the lack of “orphan products” is followed by losses of human lives.

biological monitoring; biological threshold limit value; body fluids; chlororganic; elimination; heavy metals; phosphororganic

Some explanations, definitions and guidelines for response and consequence management of situations with hazardous substances are given. Preparedness, decontamination activities and measures undertaken in further development of the situation in contaminated areas are underlined.

Main features of the R&D resulting in the new means for primary decontamination of chemical warfare agents based on the chemisorption principle introduced into the Czech Army's individual decontamination mean IPB-80 and into the Czech Civil Protection first aid kit ZPJ-80, and in the upgrading of sets for secondary decontamination PCHB-60-P and PCHP-60-P are presented. First results of R&D on universal solutions for detoxification of super-toxic lethal chemical warfare agents on human skin are shown and discussed.

More than 3,930 thousands of tons of hazardous chemical substances are stored or used in production activities of the 78 industrial plants that operate in the Zaporozhia region. 1061, 28 thousands of people live in this area. These production sites can provoke the interest of terrorist groups due to the big number of people working there and become targets for terrorist acts. To improve the system for reaction to extraordinary situations related to chemically dangerous productions and increase the technological security of chemical production complexes, it is necessary to develop and introduce a complex of measures.

The most probable and dangerous radionuclides which can appear in waste water of atomic power stations after accidents or terrorist acts are Cs, Sr, I. Moreover, the radionuclides Cs, Sr and Co are also most attractive for terrorists to use in dirty bombs. As a result of the disasters the radionuclides can contaminate drinking water. Generally, , tap water is decontaminated at water supply stations. Nevertheless it is very important to have sorbents and household drinking water filters in stocks to prevent panic of populace and consequences of emergency cases at the water supply stations.