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So far, you’ve learned how to declare and define variables that can hold various types of data, including integers, floating-point values, and characters. You also have the means to create arrays of any of these types and arrays of pointers to memory locations containing data of the types available to you. Although these have proved very useful, there are many applications in which you need even more flexibility.

If your computer could only ever process data stored within the main memory of the machine, the scope and variety of applications that you could deal with would be severely limited. Virtually all serious business applications require more data than would fit into main memory and depend on the ability to process data that’s stored on an external device, such as a fixed disk drive. In this chapter, you’ll explore how you can process data stored in files on an external device.

At this point you’ve covered the complete C language, as well as the important library functions. You should be reasonably confident in programming all aspects of the language. If you aren’t, that’s simply because you need more practice. Once you’ve learned the elements of the language, competence comes down to practice, practice, practice.