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Data is the “Holy Grail” of an application. Almost every application needs to operate on data—whether it’s creating, consuming, or processing data. Without data, almost all applications would be useless. You can use many patterns when designing applications to work with data. In the early days of DNA and client-server applications, a favorite approach was the -tier approach where the application was divided into tiers (the most common division was three tiers). In the -tier approach, the first tier is the presentation tier, which handles all the presentation of the application (the user interface) and is essentially what the user interacts with. The next tier is the business layer, which contains all the business rules to which the application needs to adhere. The last tier is the data layer, which performs all the create, read, update, and delete (CRUD) functionality. The data layer usually connects to the required back-end data sources using one of many well-known mechanisms such as OLE DB, ODBC, and so on.

In this chapter, we will dive into the concepts of peer-to-peer computing (also known as P2P). We will cover what P2P means, the advantages that it brings you, and the challenges that you’ll face when working with P2P. We will also cover what a typical development environment looks like when writing P2P applications. We will explore some of the options provided by Microsoft in enabling P2P, both in the context of WCF and in Windows in general.

How do you achieve the “connected systems” ideology that facilitates intelligent, stand-alone systems communicating with each other using a universal language? Is it practical to assume that one technology will dominate the market? Would that technology promote its proprietary standard as the default communication model? This is highly unlikely and defeats the core of SOA principals. Therefore, how will services on heterogeneous platforms communicate with each other? What interoperability options are available to an enterprise? How will WCF communicate with these non-Microsoft SOA offerings?