Catálogo de publicaciones - libros

While metallic fractions in the automotive industry have been the subject of significant and successful research, the recycling of plastics in vehicles is less well understood and is now vital to the success of effective automotive recycling, according to legislative requirements. Moreover, it is a critical challenge given the difficulty of plastic identification, the low technical level of logistics processes, and the lack of availability of historical information on plastics. This paper introduces RFID system, which helps to automatically identify, record, transmit and search product information throughout the product lifecycle. This research produces a feasible solution for decision support in a case study of automotive plastic recycling, using an RFID-based information management framework in the product lifecycle.

In April 2006 a co-operation between a motor fabrication and the FHTW Berlin Department of Engineering 4, Industrial Environmental Informatics course was initiated. The aim of the project was to meet the following goals: 1. Activity based allocation of energy flows; 2. Identify saving potential; 3. Monetary valuation of saving potentials.

This paper gives an overview on the proceeding in this co-operation project. In detail it shows how the relevant data was raised, which role the knowledge of co-workers played, respectively the communication with them and how the project could be successfully completed.

Farming Systems Research studies agricultural systems and their interaction with the natural environment and ecosystems. Agroecosystems are highly complex due to the many feedbacks between natural processes, high geographical diversity and human factors involved both as the farmer’s decisions at farm household level and as the policy implementations at regional, national or European levels. This paper presents a novel approach for developing an Agricultural Management Definition Module (AMDM), by exploiting ontologies and semantic modeling. Specifically, a declarative approach has been utilized for conceptualizing farming systems and the management alternatives of a farm household. This conceptual model has been implemented as an ontology that ultimately has been used as the basis for software development and integration. This paper presents in detail the methodology used for developing AMDM and a real-world installation, part of the SEAMLESS integrated project.

Landscape fragmentation is a major threat to a lot of wildlife species with a large spatial activity range. To ease the migration through the landscape, a lot of different measurements can be implemented. Though, due to limited resources, these should be placed where they are most effective.

The simulation framework SimapD presented in this paper is capable of assessing the network permeability and incorporates effects of anthropogenic obstacles, like roads, into the assessment. Through an individual-oriented simulation an overall permeability index for a habitat network is obtained. Based on this simulation approach, an algorithm is presented for optimizing such habitat networks concerning its permeability. It is intended to be applied to find optimal mitigation strategies. The complete procedure is illustrated by an example.

The damages caused by construction machines in underground pipeline structures cause significant economical losses. The project Detectino is combining methods of mechatronics, geophysics and informatics to investigate surface near underground to perform real-time detection and documentation of pipeline structures. Different sensor systems like electromagnetic (EM), ground penetrating radar (GPR) and a new seismic method to generate different data sets of the same objects in the ground. The data fusion and automated interpretation result in high probabilities of detecting and classifying buried objects. Those objects will be visualized three-dimensionally including data from geographical information systems (GIS) and georeferenced data. This paper introduces the basic concepts of Detectino and its system architecture. The system consists of a mobile platform moving over the surface and exploring it using different sensor methods. The control of this platform and its sensory systems is undertaken by an accompanying vehicle (AV). Additionally, there is a communication between the AV and a control center (Trust Center), where work orders are exchanged over Internet Technologies. The results of the investigation are sent back to the Trust Center (TC) and will be saved and updated. The architecture is divided into separate modules representing the different responsibilities and using the expert knowledge of each partner.

Forest trees harvesting is an important component of the forest resources management process. However, it causes several ecological damage on the forest ecosystem. Thus, approaches for automating or aiding the trees harvesting activities are essential to reduce damage and to ensure a sustainable management of the forest ecosystem. Moreover, an efficient and low-cost trees harvesting is financially important, as it is likely to impact the profitability of a particular management plan. This paper describes a spatial optimization approach to include ecological constraints in scheduling directions for harvesting trees using GIS based techniques. We present an experiment on real data in the forest of “Montagne Tortue” in French Guiana.

Setting realistic water quality standards should not only take into consideration the hydrologic, ecological conditions and land use of the region but also the time varying behavior of the indicators. Investigatating the time varying structure of water quality indicator using wavelets multiresolution analysis reveal a cyclic behavior of certain indicators. Using data from the Havel River sampled at 10 minutes interval from 1998 to 2002 at the Potsdam measuring station in the state of Brandenburg, Germany, LAWA [1998] water quality standards for certain indicators were investigated. It was found that most indicators portray a cyclic behavior due to internal and external driving forces. A comparism of this behavior and the standards show that some standards seam inappropriate. An upper and or lower limit that takes into consideration the time varying structure of the indicators is more appropriate.

Natural and man induced water pollution affects the functioning of freshwater ecosystems, restricts various water uses and risks human health. Especially, internal pollution by nutrient remobilization from sediment plays an important role in shallow water bodies. In this paper results of a water quality simulation framework for shallow lakes of the River Havel are presented. The framework consists of a simulation model combined with a multicriteria optimization procedure. Model state variables are phytoplankton, zooplankton, orthophosphate phosphorus, ammonia nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen. External driving forces are photoperiod, solar radiation and water temperature. For water quality management two control strategies are discussed

This research represents the integrated study of ecological and sanitary status of water in selected areas of the Zeravshan River Basin, and interrelations between the level of their contamination and the population’s health status. For the first time in this region, the rate and structure of morbidity were used as an indicator of the environment status. The main results of this research are: identification of the most vulnerable population groups; recommendations on assessment and control of the environmental conditions necessary for the stable management of water resources; and introduction of a Geographic Information System to monitor, control and forecast the water sources and population’s health.

Like other lakes in France and Europe, French Jura lakes are currently the subject of fierce controversy following a large number of research studies carried out in a variety of disciplines. The presence of abnormal quantities of certain trace metals has created a climate of apprehension among lake users and caused administrators sit up and take notice. As water reservoirs for medium- and high-altitude mountain towns and villages as well as leisure and recreation areas for large numbers of tourists, the lakes are highly-valued heritage sites. They also generate considerable income for local authorities and to a certain extent for the state.

Long-term hydrological monitoring and analysis of the sediments of nine lakes in the Franche-Comté region of eastern France has enabled the physical-chemical processes regulating their functions over the last 300 years to be understood and questions concerning the origin and extent of the lakes’ pollution to be answered. The analyses confirmed that the lakes’ water is of local origin, from within their respective catchment areas, and that it stays in the lakes for between 10 and 12 months. Isotopic analyses showed that surface water is young (H3 around -10 UT), while a graph of H2 as a function of O18 gave a surface precipitation altitude corresponding to the mean altitude of each lake’s catchment area.

The relatively high rates of heavy metals, mainly Pb, V, Zn, Cu, Ni, Co and Cr, originated from outside the basin. The isotopic ratios of Pb (204Pb, 206Pb, 207Pb and 208Pb) allowed three sources of deposits to be identified: the first is lithogenic at deep lake levels and corresponds to the composition of the continental crust; human for upper levels at depths of 0–17 cm, mainly due to industrial discharges (leaded petrol, the coal industry, steelworks, etc.); while an intermediate origin mingles both these sources. Metals are first recorded from the 1880s, the era of the Industrial Revolution. These trace metal deposits peaked in the 1960s and 1970s and have mostly begun declining. Enrichment factors were calculated by using three lithogenic elements (Th, Zr, La) and by taking the core sample from Lake Saint-Point as a base sample. This confirmed the human origin and rate of succeeding deposits since the middle of the Industrial Revolution. There are frequent exchanges between metal and water, and recent increases in the content of certain elements have caused concern.

The aim of this study was to understand the exchanges taking place at the deepest levels of the water column following changes in the physicalchemical conditions of the lakes’ environment.