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Generally sites with radioactive contamination are also simultaneously polluted with many other different toxics, especially heavy metals. Besides the radioactivity, these wastes may also hold different amounts of chemicals, toxic pollutants and precipitates. The radionuclides released into the environment can give rise to human exposure by the transport through the atmosphere, aquatic systems or through soil sub-compartments.

Much evidence exists to implicate the endothelial cell as an important target for radiation in vivo. The nature and delayed manifestation of radiation damage to the endothelium is consistent with the induction of stress associated premature senescence (SIPS) a phenomenon known to occur in response to many types of oxidative stress. We propose the hypothesis that, particularly at low dose levels, induction of SIPS is the most important form of cellular damage sustained by the endothelium, and that this may be exacerbated by additional inducers of oxidative stress such as heavy metals and other pollutants. This paradigm raises new possibilities for therapies designed to slow or reverse endothelial cell senescence as part of the long term treatment for radiation exposure.

The study was carried out to investigate the combined action of γ-radiation and infection on mice. Death rate of animals was estimated in dependence of radiation and vaccination doses.

The aim of this work was to study the level of somatic gene mutagenesis in persons exposed to ionizing radiation at doses up to 200 mSv and determine features of this process in different age groups. Frequency of lymphocytes bearing mutations at T-cell receptor (TCR) locus was assessed by flow cytometry in 1386 persons, including 215 unexposed control donors, in 1995–2005.

The levels of radioactive contamination with transuranium elements on territory of Belarus as a result of nuclear weapon tests and Chernobyl NPP accident have been assessed by 17 actinides.

Despite the history of artificial radionuclides (Cs, Sr, etc.) influence on biota is limited to several decades the overwhelming majority of present-day radioecological investigations is connected to study of redistribution in environment and biological action of this group of radionuclides. Far less attention was paid to radiation risk to people and environment caused by exposition to enhanced ionizing radiation originating from naturally occurring radioactive materials. But after the occurrence of natural radioactivity had been considered thoroughly it turned out that such phenomena are present very frequently in our environment. Enhanced natural radioactivity (TENORM) touches a lot of aspects of our common life, starting from occupational risk at work places, trough some “contaminated” goods or even a visit in spa, and ending on huge amount of bulk waste materials very often dumped in our vicinity. Each particular way of occurring of natural radioactivity determinates some unique scenario of exposition usually differing from those ones caused by artificial radionuclides. Moreover, consequences of natural radioactivity’s occurrence can be assessed from different points of view. Sometimes the public comprehension of this phenomenon is a plentiful source of very serious effects far more detrimental and painful than the direct exposition to radiation. Risk caused by naturally occurring radioactivity is a case where enforcing of ALARA rule became very complex and multidimensional.

It has been shown that the variability of chemical composition of soils depending on the different polluted sites lead to active reorganization in cell protein system. By the soil sorption degree, heavy metals can be arranged in line in the order of decrease: Pb > Cu > Zn > Cd > Co > Ni > Mn. The comparison of the obtained results shows that some minerals introduction provides an increase for the soil buffer capacity in case of industrial inorganic pollutants.

In this study, the occurrence of trihalomethanes (THMs) of the tap water in Izmir City was investigated and the lifetime cancer risk of THMs through oral ingestion, dermal absorption, and inhalation exposure were estimated. The total THMs in samples taken from the Tahtali and Balçova Water Treatment Plants (TWTP, BWTP), which are the major water sources of the Izmir City were about 72 and 88 μ g/L, respectively. Chloroform existed at the highest concentrations in samples. Although the cancer risk evaluation of CHBr3 through oral route for both sexes was below the EPA level, the highest lifetime cancer risk was originating due to CHCl Br; 5.2 × 10−5 and 4.3 × 10−5 for males and 4.76 × 10−5 and 5.8 × 10−5 for females, for the samples from BWTP and TWTP, respectively. While overall the average lifetime cancer risks through oral route, dermal absorption, and inhalation exposure for THMs were higher than the EPA acceptable risk of 10 by about 87, 340, and 5.7 times in the samples from TWTP and 99, 390, and 7.9 times in the samples from BWTP, respectively. The average lifetime cancer risk for THMs in both sources was in decreasing order, CHCl2Br, CHCl2Br, CHCL3, and CHBr3 for both sexes.

Adsorption–desorption behavior of atrazine was studied in three soils belonging to different soil geographical zones. Experimental investigations focused on the effect of laccase addition on adsorption and desorption of target chemical when present in solution. Addition of laccase resulted in a dramatic increase in adsorption of the atrazine. Desorption was little or negligible. Hysteresis, represented by hysteresis indices, was significantly enhanced upon laccase addition. Increases in Freundlich F values upon laccase addition were attributed to the covalent bonding of atrazine to soil organic matter by oxidative coupling mechanism.

The purpose of this leaflet is to give information on ways of manufacturing of mineralized specifically concentrated waters from natural waters containing valuable mineral substances and possessing, in particular, high physiological value, in order to eliminate iodine deficiency.