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This last chapter of the book examines the global carbon cycle and its links to those of nitrogen and phosphorus in the Earth’s outer shell that has been continuously perturbed by human activities for some time. The carbon cycle is linked to other cycles, particularly nutrientNand P, mainly by the biological formation of organic matter that requires N, P, and other elements for the functioning of living cells. The human industrial perturbation started about 200 years ago, the beginnings of the agricultural perturbation are much older, and both may be expected to intensify in the future. Understandably, questions of the future can be answered only from reasonable projections of the past and present, and such answers should be viewed as indications of the trends rather than accurate estimates of where the global environment would be in the next centuries.