Catálogo de publicaciones - libros

Automobile exhaust catalysts were introduced in the US in the mid-1970s to reduce traffic-derived air pollution in urban areas, and have resulted in significant air quality improvements. It has however been demonstrated that a small amount of platinum group elements, the main active components in catalysts, are emitted during vehicle operation (Konig et al., 1992; Palacios et al., 2000; Moldovan et al., 2002) resulting in elevated concentrations of these normally rare metals in the urban and roadside environment (Gomez et al., 2002). While these metals were believed to remain in the urban and roadside environment, recent studies have suggested the possibility for regional and global dispersion of these elements.

A 2-year project with the co-authors as partners and funded by the Alliance for Global Sustainability was initiated in 2002 to provide a further understanding of PGE transport from roadside environments. This paper presents literature and project-related information on potential regional and long range transport, from automobile catalysts to global distribution.

A combined analytical procedure is presented for the quantification of experimentally induced Pt and Pd DNA adducts in living cells by combining a DNA extraction technique with double focusing magnet sector field ICP-MS instrumentation. The proposed method is discussed in terms of possible spectral interferences, instrumental repeatability and experimental reproducibility. The statistical evaluation of a large dataset indicates that the method can be successfully used in experimental studies for the quantification of Pt and Pd DNA adducts.

The distribution and behaviour of anthropogenic platinum-group elements (PGE) in river systems has as yet attracted little attention. Aquiring good quality data in PGE analysis poses a serious challenge to the environmental chemist, not in the least due to the low concentrations at which the PGE are currently found in the environment. Using the River Stour in Kent, U.K. as a case study, the work presented in this paper focuses specifically on the spatial and temporal variability of PGE in fluvial sediments. The analysis of river bed sediments shows high variability both on a catchment scale and on a local scale within sample sites. Moreover, high relative standard deviation points to a heterogeneous distribution of PGE within sediment samples, which is characteristic of the elements and is commonly known as the nugget effect. If unassessed, analytical data are unlikely to be truly representative and the interpretation of PGE data could be inherently flawed. For this reason this paper suggests a need to include thorough quantification and reporting of this variability as a matter of practice in the acquisition of environmental PGE data.

The distribution and behaviour of anthropogenic platinum-group elements (PGE) in river systems has as yet attracted little attention. Aquiring good quality data in PGE analysis poses a serious challenge to the environmental chemist, not in the least due to the low concentrations at which the PGE are currently found in the environment. Using the River Stour in Kent, U.K. as a case study, the work presented in this paper focuses specifically on the spatial and temporal variability of PGE in fluvial sediments. The analysis of river bed sediments shows high variability both on a catchment scale and on a local scale within sample sites. Moreover, high relative standard deviation points to a heterogeneous distribution of PGE within sediment samples, which is characteristic of the elements and is commonly known as the nugget effect. If unassessed, analytical data are unlikely to be truly representative and the interpretation of PGE data could be inherently flawed. For this reason this paper suggests a need to include thorough quantification and reporting of this variability as a matter of practice in the acquisition of environmental PGE data.

Automobile exhaust catalysts were introduced in the US in the mid-1970s to reduce traffic-derived air pollution in urban areas, and have resulted in significant air quality improvements. It has however been demonstrated that a small amount of platinum group elements, the main active components in catalysts, are emitted during vehicle operation (Konig et al., 1992; Palacios et al., 2000; Moldovan et al., 2002) resulting in elevated concentrations of these normally rare metals in the urban and roadside environment (Gomez et al., 2002). While these metals were believed to remain in the urban and roadside environment, recent studies have suggested the possibility for regional and global dispersion of these elements.

A 2-year project with the co-authors as partners and funded by the Alliance for Global Sustainability was initiated in 2002 to provide a further understanding of PGE transport from roadside environments. This paper presents literature and project-related information on potential regional and long range transport, from automobile catalysts to global distribution.

A combined analytical procedure is presented for the quantification of experimentally induced Pt and Pd DNA adducts in living cells by combining a DNA extraction technique with double focusing magnet sector field ICP-MS instrumentation. The proposed method is discussed in terms of possible spectral interferences, instrumental repeatability and experimental reproducibility. The statistical evaluation of a large dataset indicates that the method can be successfully used in experimental studies for the quantification of Pt and Pd DNA adducts.

The distribution and behaviour of anthropogenic platinum-group elements (PGE) in river systems has as yet attracted little attention. Aquiring good quality data in PGE analysis poses a serious challenge to the environmental chemist, not in the least due to the low concentrations at which the PGE are currently found in the environment. Using the River Stour in Kent, U.K. as a case study, the work presented in this paper focuses specifically on the spatial and temporal variability of PGE in fluvial sediments. The analysis of river bed sediments shows high variability both on a catchment scale and on a local scale within sample sites. Moreover, high relative standard deviation points to a heterogeneous distribution of PGE within sediment samples, which is characteristic of the elements and is commonly known as the nugget effect. If unassessed, analytical data are unlikely to be truly representative and the interpretation of PGE data could be inherently flawed. For this reason this paper suggests a need to include thorough quantification and reporting of this variability as a matter of practice in the acquisition of environmental PGE data.

Automobile exhaust catalysts were introduced in the US in the mid-1970s to reduce traffic-derived air pollution in urban areas, and have resulted in significant air quality improvements. It has however been demonstrated that a small amount of platinum group elements, the main active components in catalysts, are emitted during vehicle operation (Konig et al., 1992; Palacios et al., 2000; Moldovan et al., 2002) resulting in elevated concentrations of these normally rare metals in the urban and roadside environment (Gomez et al., 2002). While these metals were believed to remain in the urban and roadside environment, recent studies have suggested the possibility for regional and global dispersion of these elements.

A 2-year project with the co-authors as partners and funded by the Alliance for Global Sustainability was initiated in 2002 to provide a further understanding of PGE transport from roadside environments. This paper presents literature and project-related information on potential regional and long range transport, from automobile catalysts to global distribution.

Automobile exhaust catalysts were introduced in the US in the mid-1970s to reduce traffic-derived air pollution in urban areas, and have resulted in significant air quality improvements. It has however been demonstrated that a small amount of platinum group elements, the main active components in catalysts, are emitted during vehicle operation (Konig et al., 1992; Palacios et al., 2000; Moldovan et al., 2002) resulting in elevated concentrations of these normally rare metals in the urban and roadside environment (Gomez et al., 2002). While these metals were believed to remain in the urban and roadside environment, recent studies have suggested the possibility for regional and global dispersion of these elements.

A 2-year project with the co-authors as partners and funded by the Alliance for Global Sustainability was initiated in 2002 to provide a further understanding of PGE transport from roadside environments. This paper presents literature and project-related information on potential regional and long range transport, from automobile catalysts to global distribution.

Automobile exhaust catalysts were introduced in the US in the mid-1970s to reduce traffic-derived air pollution in urban areas, and have resulted in significant air quality improvements. It has however been demonstrated that a small amount of platinum group elements, the main active components in catalysts, are emitted during vehicle operation (Konig et al., 1992; Palacios et al., 2000; Moldovan et al., 2002) resulting in elevated concentrations of these normally rare metals in the urban and roadside environment (Gomez et al., 2002). While these metals were believed to remain in the urban and roadside environment, recent studies have suggested the possibility for regional and global dispersion of these elements.

A 2-year project with the co-authors as partners and funded by the Alliance for Global Sustainability was initiated in 2002 to provide a further understanding of PGE transport from roadside environments. This paper presents literature and project-related information on potential regional and long range transport, from automobile catalysts to global distribution.