Catálogo de publicaciones - libros

The chapter looks at the history of UN authorized embargos where enforcement has been contemplated through, typically, visitation of vessels and confiscation of goods violating an embargo. An important issue here is the right to innocent passage in the territorial seas of the states actually enforcing the embargo. The chapter considers in some detail the regimes adopted for both Libya and Somalia, with focus on the enforcement authority granted in UNSC Res. 1973 (2011) and UNSC Res. 2182 (2014). Some of the challenges following the authorization under UNSC Res. 2182 (2014) are then identified.

The legal status of the Åland Islands is a special case in international law. Åland is an area that is demilitarised, is neutralised and enjoys wide autonomy under Finnish sovereign rule. The demilitarisation regime is regulated directly by a multilevel legal framework, and Finland’s sovereign rights as a coastal State are significantly restricted by the 1921 Åland Convention. The UN Convention on the Law of the Sea sets out a comprehensive legal framework for marine activities. The Convention contains specific articles on the right of innocent passage. The Proliferation Security Initiative launched by the United States in 2004 has raised the questions of its application on the territorial sea against a foreign ship exercising the right of innocent passage. This Chapter attempts to examine the relationship of the PSI to the right of innocent passage and to the 1921 Åland Convention.