Catálogo de publicaciones - revistas

<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title><jats:sec> <jats:title>Background</jats:title> <jats:p>Phosphorus (P) is an essential nutrient for plant growth, taking part in primary cellular metabolic processes as a structural component of key biomolecules. Soil processes as adsorption, precipitation, and coprecipitation can affect P bioavailability, leading to limited plant growth and excessive use of P fertilizers, with adverse impacts on the environment and progressive depletion of P reserves. To cope with P stress, plants undergo several growth, development, and metabolic adjustments, aimed at increasing P-acquisition and -utilization efficiency. Recently, strigolactones (SLs) have emerged as newly defined hormones that mediate multiple levels of morphological, physiological and biochemical changes in plants as part of the P acclimation strategies to optimize growth. Therefore, understanding the soil processes affecting P availability and P acquisition strategies by plants can contribute to improved agronomical practices, resources optimization and environmental protection, and the development of plants with high P use efficiency for enhanced agricultural productivity.</jats:p> </jats:sec><jats:sec> <jats:title>Scope</jats:title> <jats:p>In this review, we discuss the range of abiotic processes that control P retention in soil and how different concentrations or degrees of P bioavailability can trigger various responses in plants, while critically highlighting the inconsistent conditions under which experiments evaluating aspects of P nutrition in plants have been conducted. We also present recent advances in elucidating the role of SLs in the complex P signalling pathway, with a special focus on what has been discovered so far in the model plant tomato (<jats:italic>Solanum lycopersicum</jats:italic> L.).</jats:p> </jats:sec>

<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title><jats:sec> <jats:title>Background</jats:title> <jats:p>With the increasing development of sophisticated precision farming techniques, high-resolution application maps are frequently discussed as a key factor in increasing yield potential. However, yield potential maps based on multiple soil properties measurements are rarely part of current farming practices. Furthermore, small-scale differences in soil properties have not been taken into account.</jats:p> </jats:sec><jats:sec> <jats:title>Methods</jats:title> <jats:p>To investigate the impact of soil property changes at high resolution on yield, a field trial has been divided into a sampling grid of 42 plots. The soil properties in each plot were determined at three soil depths. Grain yield and yield formation of winter wheat were analyzed at two sites.</jats:p> </jats:sec><jats:sec> <jats:title>Results</jats:title> <jats:p>Multiple regression analyses of soil properties with yield measures showed that the soil contents of organic carbon, silt, and clay in the top and subsoil explained 45–46% of the variability in grain yield. However, an increasing clay content in the topsoil correlated positively with grain yield and tiller density. In contrast, a higher clay content in the subsoil led to a decrease in grain yield. A cluster analysis of soil texture was deployed to evaluate whether the soil´s small-scale differences caused crucial differences in yield formation. Significant differences in soil organic carbon, yield, and yield formation were observed among clusters in each soil depth.</jats:p> </jats:sec><jats:sec> <jats:title>Conclusion</jats:title> <jats:p>These results show that small-scale lateral and vertical differences in soil properties can strongly impact crop yields and should be considered to improve site-specific cropping techniques further.</jats:p> </jats:sec>

<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title><jats:sec> <jats:title>Background and aims</jats:title> <jats:p>Cover crops can efficiently increase nitrogen (N) recycling in agroecosystems. By providing a green-manure effect for the next crop, they allow reduced mineral fertilisation. We developed a decision-support tool, called MERCI, to predict N available from cover crop residues over time, from a single measurement of fresh shoot biomass.</jats:p> </jats:sec><jats:sec> <jats:title>Methods</jats:title> <jats:p>We coupled a large experimental database from France with a simulation experiment using the soil-crop model STICS. More than 25 000 measurements of 74 species of cover crops as a sole crop or bispecific mixtures were collected. Linear regression models, at the species, family or entire-database level depending on the data available, were built to predict dry biomass, N amount and C:N ratio. Dynamics of N mineralized and leaching from cover crop residues were predicted at 24 contrasting sites as a function of the biomass, carbon (C):N ratio and termination date.</jats:p> </jats:sec><jats:sec> <jats:title>Results</jats:title> <jats:p>Correlations between fresh biomass, dry biomass and N amounts in experimental data were strong (r = 0.80-0.96), and predicted N amounts in fresh shoot biomass were relatively accurate. Percentages of N mineralized and leached simulated by STICS were explained mainly by the C:N ratio, site and number of months after termination, but to different degrees.</jats:p> </jats:sec><jats:sec> <jats:title>Conclusion</jats:title> <jats:p>MERCI is an easy and robust decision-support tool for predicting N release in the field, and could thus be adopted by advisors and farmers to improve management of nutrient recycling in temperate arable cropping systems.</jats:p> </jats:sec>