Catálogo de publicaciones - revistas

<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title><jats:sec> <jats:title>Background and aims</jats:title> <jats:p>Higher plants represent an optimal tool to regenerate resources while producing food in Space. However, the configuration of fertile cultivation substrates based on extraterrestrial resources is still a challenge. We evaluated the adaptability of potato (<jats:italic>Solanum tuberosum</jats:italic> L., cv. ‘Colomba’) to the growth on six substrates: the MMS-1 Mars regolith simulant, alone (R100) and in mixture with 30% in vol. of green compost (R70C30), a fluvial sand, alone or mixed with 30% of compost (S100 and S70C30), a red soil from Sicily (RS), and a volcanic soil from Campania (VS).</jats:p> </jats:sec><jats:sec> <jats:title>Methods</jats:title> <jats:p>We assessed the physicochemical properties of the substrates, and the physiological and biometric parameters of potato plants grown in pot on these substrates, in cold glasshouse.</jats:p> </jats:sec><jats:sec> <jats:title>Results</jats:title> <jats:p>Both R100 and S100 were alkaline (pH ≥ 8.6) and coarse-textured, lacking organic matter and pivotal macronutrients. The amendment with compost significantly lowered their alkaline pH and improved the chemical fertility. The sandy-loam textured VS was sub-alkaline, slightly calcareous, with higher organic C and nutrient availability than RS. This latter was neutral-to-sub-alkaline, clay textured, poorly calcareous, with significantly higher CEC than VS. Leaf CO<jats:sub>2</jats:sub> assimilation rate was higher in plants grown in terrestrial soils and S100. Plant growth was greater in VS, R70C30 and S70C30, while it was reduced on R100. Plants produced healthy tubers on all the substrates.</jats:p> </jats:sec><jats:sec> <jats:title>Conclusion</jats:title> <jats:p>MMS-1 regolith simulant was found poor in nutrients and unsuitable to sustain adequately the plant growth. Amendment with organic compost improved MMS-1 physiochemical properties and fertility and plant performance.</jats:p> </jats:sec>

<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title><jats:sec> <jats:title>Background and purpose</jats:title> <jats:p>The fertility of anthropogenic soils developed from dumpsites used for arable fields is not well-studied. The study aimed to evaluate the fertility of anthropogenic soils from an abandoned dumpsite in Awotan, Nigeria, by measurable indicators and the bioaccessibility of elements of selected plant species.</jats:p> </jats:sec><jats:sec> <jats:title>Methods</jats:title> <jats:p>The study adopted multi-analytical approaches to determine the signatures of the soils and further parameterized the bioaccessibility of elements to plants.</jats:p> </jats:sec><jats:sec> <jats:title>Results</jats:title> <jats:p>The comparatively high content of Ca and Na in the anthropogenic soil contributed to the slightly alkaline soil reaction against the slightly acidic control. The high amount of organic matter is well-indicated by the enrichment of organic C and N in the anthropogenic soil. Waste deposition significantly contributed to the high accumulation of macronutrients (P, Ca, K, S) and micronutrients (Mn, Na, Fe) sufficient for maximum plant growth and yields, with an adequate C/N ratio supporting effective mineralization. The high cation exchange capacity of the anthropogenic soil contributed to cations binding. Indiscriminate waste deposition resulted in a high accumulation of potentially toxic elements (PTEs; Cu, Zn, As, Cd, Pb) above permissible limits in agricultural soils following WHO limits. Potential effects on lives are evident in the high PTEs accumulation in roots and leaves of <jats:italic>Chromolaena</jats:italic><jats:italic>odorata</jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Saccopetalum</jats:italic><jats:italic>tectonum</jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Passiflora</jats:italic><jats:italic>foetida,</jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Senna</jats:italic><jats:italic>siamea</jats:italic>. These plant species exhibited various PTEs accumulation, especially for Cd and Pb.</jats:p> </jats:sec><jats:sec> <jats:title>Conclusion</jats:title> <jats:p>Although anthropogenic soils remained fertile, the bioaccessibility of PTEs by plants indicates potential threats to consumers of crops and herbs produced from such sites.</jats:p> </jats:sec>

<jats:title>Abstract </jats:title><jats:sec> <jats:title>Purpose</jats:title> <jats:p>Root exudation of organic acids (OAs) facilitates plant P uptake from soil, playing a key role in rhizosphere nutrient availability. However, OA exudation responses to CO<jats:sub>2</jats:sub> concentrations and water availability remain largely untested.</jats:p> </jats:sec><jats:sec> <jats:title>Methods</jats:title> <jats:p>We examined the effects of CO<jats:sub>2</jats:sub> and water on OA exudates in three Australian woodland species: <jats:italic>Eucalyptus tereticornis</jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Hakea sericea</jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Microlaena stipoides</jats:italic>. Seedlings were grown in a glasshouse in low P soil, exposed to CO<jats:sub>2</jats:sub> (400 ppm [aCO<jats:sub>2</jats:sub>] or 540 ppm [eCO<jats:sub>2</jats:sub>]) and water treatments (100% water holding capacity [high-watered] or 25–50% water holding capacity [low-watered]). After six weeks, we collected OAs from rhizosphere soil (<jats:italic>OA</jats:italic><jats:sub><jats:italic>rhizo</jats:italic></jats:sub>) and trap solutions in which washed roots were immersed (<jats:italic>OA</jats:italic><jats:sub><jats:italic>exuded</jats:italic></jats:sub>).</jats:p> </jats:sec><jats:sec> <jats:title>Results</jats:title> <jats:p>For <jats:italic>E. tereticornis</jats:italic>, the treatments changed <jats:italic>OA</jats:italic><jats:sub><jats:italic>rhizo</jats:italic></jats:sub> composition, driven by increased malic acid in plants exposed to eCO<jats:sub>2</jats:sub> and increased oxalic acid in low-watered plants. For <jats:italic>H. sericea</jats:italic>, low-watered plants had higher <jats:italic>OA</jats:italic><jats:sub><jats:italic>exuded</jats:italic></jats:sub> per plant (+ 116%) and lower <jats:italic>OA</jats:italic><jats:sub><jats:italic>rhizo</jats:italic></jats:sub> per unit root mass (–77%) associated with larger root mass but fewer cluster roots. For <jats:italic>M. stipoides</jats:italic>, eCO<jats:sub>2</jats:sub> increased <jats:italic>OA</jats:italic><jats:sub><jats:italic>exuded</jats:italic></jats:sub> per plant (+ 107%) and per unit root mass (+ 160%), while low-watered plants had higher citric and lower malic acids for <jats:italic>OA</jats:italic><jats:sub><jats:italic>rhizo</jats:italic></jats:sub> and <jats:italic>OA</jats:italic><jats:sub><jats:italic>exuded</jats:italic></jats:sub>: changes in OA amounts and composition driven by malic acid were positively associated with soil P availability under eCO<jats:sub>2.</jats:sub></jats:p> </jats:sec><jats:sec> <jats:title>Conclusion</jats:title> <jats:p>We conclude that eCO<jats:sub>2</jats:sub> and altered water availability shifted OAs in root exudates, modifying plant–soil interactions and the associated carbon and nutrient economy.</jats:p> </jats:sec>

<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title><jats:sec> <jats:title>Aims</jats:title> <jats:p> Since producing more with less is required for increasing agricultural sustainability and reducing its environmental impact, breeding varieties with increased yield stability under reduced fertilizer application is an important goal, particularly in high valued horticultural crops such as tomato (<jats:italic>Solanum lycopersicum</jats:italic> L.). However, because of the difficulties to conciliate yield and fertilizer use efficiency through breeding, the graft-compatible genetic biodiversity existing in horticultural species offers the possibility to directly approach this objective in high-yielding elite varieties through improving nutrient capture and promoting ecosystem services such as insect pollination. We hypothesized that rootstocks affect pollinator foraging decisions through the nutritional status that impacts yield.</jats:p> </jats:sec><jats:sec> <jats:title>Methods</jats:title> <jats:p>Fifteen genetically diverse experimental rootstocks were grafted to a scion tomato variety and cultivated under optimal and reduced (25% of optimal) P and NPK fertilization in the presence of managed bumblebee pollinators (<jats:italic>Bombus terrestris</jats:italic>).</jats:p> </jats:sec><jats:sec> <jats:title>Results</jats:title> <jats:p>Up to twofold yield variability between rootstocks was associated with leaf nutrition and photosynthesis of the scion. Interestingly, fertilization regime and the rootstock genotype influenced the pollinator foraging decisions since bumblebees showed feeding preference for plants cultivated under low P, and for the most yielding and nutritious graft combinations under reduced but not under optimal fertilization. Bumblebees can sense plant nutritional status through source-sink relations, as supported by the consistent relationship between pollinator preferences and leaf carbon concentration.</jats:p> </jats:sec><jats:sec> <jats:title>Conclusions</jats:title> <jats:p>This study opens new perspectives for using pollinators as “phenotypers” to select the most resilient plants under suboptimal conditions and/or genotypes that synergistically increase crop productivity by promoting the ecosystem service provided by the insects.</jats:p> </jats:sec>