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<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title><jats:p>A review of the literature concerning the fate and behavior of gunshot residue (<jats:styled-content style="fixed-case">GSR</jats:styled-content>) is presented. A number of concomitant parameters including firearm and ammunition type, plume and <jats:styled-content style="fixed-case">GSR</jats:styled-content> material characteristics, travel distances, chemical composition and <jats:styled-content style="fixed-case">GSR</jats:styled-content> morphology are critically discussed in relation to their effects on the distribution and deposition, transfer and persistence processes of <jats:styled-content style="fixed-case">GSR</jats:styled-content>. The underlying mechanisms associated with such processes are also considered. Knowledge of these processes on <jats:styled-content style="fixed-case">GSR</jats:styled-content> materials could provide valuable information concerning scene preservation and subsequent forensic sampling. The number of <jats:styled-content style="fixed-case">GSR</jats:styled-content> particles deposited can vary significantly with each firearm discharge, highlighting the potential to produce distinctive data in each individual case. With the continual development and compositional changes of new ammunition types, further evaluation of the effect these processes may have on <jats:styled-content style="fixed-case">GSR</jats:styled-content> evidence and their possible influence on the interpretation of the analytical results should be given due consideration.</jats:p>