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is an evergreen tree or shrub of the THEACEAE family that grows to 10–15 m high in the wild, and 0.6–1.5 m under cultivation. The leaves are short-stalked, light green, coriaceous, alternate, elliptic-obovate or lanceolate, with serrate margin, glabrous, or sometimes pubescent beneath, varying in length from 5 to 30 cm, and about 4 cm wide. Young leaves are pubescent. Mature leaves are bright green in color, leathery, and smooth. Flowers are white, fragrant, 2.5–4 cm in diameter, solitary or in clusters of two to four. They have numerous stamens with yellow anthers and produces brownish-red, one- to four-lobed capsules. Each lobe contains one to three spherical or flattened brown seeds. There are numerous varieties and races of tea. There are three main groups of the cultivated forms: China, Assam, and hybrid tea, differing in form.

is an annual herb of the MORACEAE family that grows to 5 m tall. It is usually erect; stems variable, with resinous pubescence, angular, sometimes hollow, especially above the first pairs of true leaves; basal leaves opposite, the upper leaves alternate, stipulate, long petiolate, palmate, with 3–11, rarely single, lanceolate, serrate, acuminate leaflets up to 10 cm long, 1.5 cm broad. Flowers are monoecious or dioecious, the male in axillary and terminal panicles, apetalous, with five yellowish petals and five poricidal stamens; the female flowers germinate in the axils and terminally, with one single-ovulate ovary. Fruit is brown, shining achene, variously marked or plain, tightly embraces the seed with its fleshy endosperm and curved embryo; late summer to early fall; year-round in tropics.

is an unbranched monoecious plant of the PALMAE family. It growsto 30 m tall, with a crown of 25–35 paripinnate leaves, producing 12–16 new leaves per year. There is a central bud, which if cut off, leads to the death of tree. The trunk is straight or gently curved, with marked foliar scars, 30–50 cm in diameter, rises from a thickened base, and increases in height at a decreasing rate with age. The leaves are horizontal or somewhat hanging, 4–8 m in length and divided. Segments of leaves are numerous, linear-lanceolate, 0.5–1 m long and tapering. In the axil of each leaf is a spathe enclosing a long, stout, straw, or an orange-colored spadix. The spadix is composed of up to 40 branches, each bearing up to 300 small, fragrant, male flowers, and a few female, 2 cm long, globose flowers.

Coffee is a medium-size tree of RUBIACEAE family. The plants can live up to 25 years and grows to a height of 6–15 m; commercially are kept to the height of 175–185 cm. The leaf is developed from the axil and arranged in pairs. The leaves on the main trunk develop in pairs and spirally, whereas leaves from the branch develop in a fan-like manner. The size of the mature leaf of coffee is approx 15–30 cm × 5–15 cm, with 7–10 veins. The dorsal surface is smooth and shiny. The mature leaf of the coffee is about the same size, except that it has 8–13 veins, whereas the dorsal surface is shiny and wavy. The tree starts flowering at the age of 18–36 months. The flowers develop from the axil of the leaves in the form of several in a bunch. Coffee berries are green when immature and turn yellow and red at maturity and ripening.

Carrot is an erect (30–120 cm high) annual or biennial herb of the UMBELLI-FERAE family with branched stem arising from a large, succulent, thick, fleshy 5–30 cm long tap root. The color of the root in the cultivated varieties ranges from white, yellow, orange, light purple, or deep red to deep violet. The shape varies from short stumps to tapering cones. Leaves are finely dissected, twice or thrice-pinnate, segments are linear to lanceolate, 0.5–3 cm long. Upper leaves are reduced, with a sheathing petiole. Stem is striate or ridged, glabrous to hispid, up to 1 m tall. Flowers are borne in compound, more or less globose, to 7-cm-in-diameter umbels. Rays are numerous, bracts 1–2 pinnated, lobes linear, 7–10 bracteoles similar to bracts. Flowers are white or yellowish; the outer are usually the largest.

is an herbaceous, monoecious, perennial plant of the UMBEL-LIFERAE family. It grows to 2 m high with a circular mass of leaves. Flowering stems are 2.5–3 m high and 10 cm thick, with a number of schizogenous ducts in the cortex containing the resinous gum. Stem leaves have wide sheathing petioles. Compound large umbels arise from large sheaths. Flowers are pale greenish yellow. Fruits are oval, flat, thin, reddish brown and have a milky juice. Roots are thick, massive, and pulpy. It yields a resin similar to that of the stems. All parts of the plant have the distinctive fetid smell.

is grass that may be either a winter or a spring annual of the POACEAE (GRAMINAE) family. It forms a rosette type of growth in fall and winter, developing elongated stems and flower heads in early summer. Winter varieties form branched stems or tillers at the base, so several stems rise from a single plant. The stems of both winter and spring varieties may vary in length from 30 to 120 cm, depending on variety and growing conditions. Stems are round, hollow between nodes, and develop five to seven nodes below the head. At each node, a clasping leaf develops. In most varieties, the leaves are coated with a waxy chalk-like deposit. Shape and size of leaves vary with variety, growing conditions, and position on the plant. The spike contains the flowers and consists of spike-lets attached to the central stem or rachis.

is a member of the caltrop family ZYGOPHYLLACEAE. It is a native, drought-tolerant, evergreen shrub slowly growing to 2–4 m tall and 1.8 m wide, with numerous flexible stems projecting at an angle from its base. The bush is a group of four to 12 plants that shoot up from one plant in all directions. The root system consists of a shallow taproot and several lateral secondary roots, each approx 3 m in length and 20–35 cm deep. The taproot extends to a depth of approx 80 cm. The leaves are thick, waxy, resinous, 12–25 mm long, alternate leaves with two leaflets, pointed, yellow-green in color, covered with a varnish; darker and aromatic after rainfall. These leaves grow directly from the branches of the bush. The bush may lose some of leaves during extreme drought.

is a stout annual of the TOMENTOSAE family, approx 1–3 m high. The stem is erect with few branches. Leaves are ovate, elliptic, or lanceolate, up to 100 cm or more in length, usually sessile or sometimes petiolate with frilled wing or auricle. The inflorescence is a panicle with distinct rachis and several compounds branches. Flowers are light red, light pink, or white. The fruit is a capsule approx 15–20 mm long, narrowly elliptic ovoid or orbicular. Seeds spherical or broadly elliptic, 0.5 mm long, brown, with fluted ridges.

is a large evergreen shrub of the OLEACEAE family. In its native state, it is a multistemmed evergreen tree, 6–9 m high, with equal or slightly less spread. The trunk is massive, especially in older plantings; gray, gnarled, bumpy, and contorted. Most trees have round, spreading crowns, but tall, cylindrical trees are grown in some parts of Italy, and trees may be trellised in intensive plantings. Leaves are 7.5 cm long, narrow, opposite, lanceolate or linear, with entire margins and acute tips, silver-green, underside lighter. Small creamy white flowers are borne in inflorescences of 15 flowers in axillary clusters of 1-year wood; blooms in spring. Trees produced flowers in 2–3 years, but seedlings have a long juvenile period. Most flowers undergo pistil abortion, leaving only one to two fruits per axil at harvest.