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<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>BACKGROUND</jats:title><jats:p>Encapsulation of biocompounds is essential to protect them from environmental factors that could enhance their oxidation or cause them to lose their beneficial properties due to extreme photosensitivity, among other factors. The main goal of this work was to study the feasibility of preparing concentrated double emulsions with a high loading capacity containing simultaneously <jats:italic>trans</jats:italic>‐resveratrol (RSV) and vitamin D<jats:sub>3</jats:sub> (VitD<jats:sub>3</jats:sub>). Such emulsions could be used for food fortification or pharmaceutical formulations or as vehicles for targeted controlled release.</jats:p></jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>RESULTS</jats:title><jats:p>In order to achieve large concentrations of the encapsulated compounds, all the double emulsions were formulated using a W<jats:sub>1</jats:sub>/O in W<jats:sub>2</jats:sub> ratio of 80/20, while the ratios tested for W<jats:sub>1</jats:sub> in O where 20/80 and 30/70. All the emulsions were characterized by droplet size, morphology, colloidal stability and encapsulation efficiency (EE) over a period of 6 weeks. VitD<jats:sub>3</jats:sub> and RSV concentration were determined by a technique based on reverse‐phase high‐performance liquid chromatography. The viability of preparing concentrated W<jats:sub>1</jats:sub>/O/W<jats:sub>2</jats:sub> emulsions containing both biocompounds has been demonstrated with satisfactory results. Initial RSV concentrations in the concentrated double emulsions formulated varied from 5.0 to 8.3 mg L<jats:sup>−1</jats:sup>, while for VitD<jats:sub>3</jats:sub> values of 28–32 mg L<jats:sup>−1</jats:sup> were obtained. The presence of VitD<jats:sub>3</jats:sub> retarded RSV release in the formulated emulsions. It was observed that after 1 week of storage RSV EE increased around 10–50% when VitD<jats:sub>3</jats:sub> was simultaneously encapsulated.</jats:p></jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>CONCLUSION</jats:title><jats:p>Simultaneous encapsulation of RSV and VitD<jats:sub>3</jats:sub> was possible in high internal phase emulsions. The emulsions presented high colloidal stability, being suitable for food fortification applications. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry</jats:p></jats:sec>

<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>BACKGROUND</jats:title><jats:p>Pickering emulsions (PEs) which are stabilized by solid particles instead of surfactants have recently attracted tremendous attentions due to their non‐toxic and long‐term stable nature. In the current study, we fabricated and characterized zein (ZN)/chitosan (CS) complex particles (ZNCSPs) stabilized PE for the encapsulation and delivery of vitamin D<jats:sub>3</jats:sub>.</jats:p></jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>RESULTS</jats:title><jats:p>The ZNCSPs were synthesized with different ratios, i.e. 1:1, 1:1.5 and 1:2 to investigate the optimum ratio. Transmission electron microscopy observations showed the spherical nature with smooth surface of the obtained particles in the case of ZNCS ratio 1:1.5 and 1:2. Furthermore, ζ‐potential values for the these particles were 32.53 ± 1.3 and 52.86 ± 0.68 mV respectively, indicating particles with (1:2) being more stable than 1:1.5. Thereafter, using these particles, the PEs were successfully formulated with different oil (medium chain triglyceride) fractions (330, 500 and 660 g kg<jats:sup>−1</jats:sup>). The emulsions were evaluated for stability during storage and against different environmental factors including pH, temperature and ionic strength on the creaming indices (CIs) of these emulsions. The results demonstrated that the PEs with oil fractions 330 and 500 g kg<jats:sup>−1</jats:sup> exhibited significant stability during storage, particularly the ones with 500 g kg<jats:sup>−1</jats:sup> oil fractions which were stable against all the tested parameters. Finally, the prepared PEs were evaluated as efficient delivery system by encapsulating and delivering vitamin D<jats:sub>3</jats:sub>. <jats:italic>In vitro</jats:italic> drug release profile confirmed sustained and controlled release of the encapsulated vitamin D<jats:sub>3</jats:sub>.</jats:p></jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>CONCLUSION</jats:title><jats:p>Overall, our findings suggest that ZNCSPs can be promising stabilizers for stable PEs that can be used as potential delivery systems in food, cosmetic and pharmaceutical industries. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.</jats:p></jats:sec>

<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title><jats:p>Response surface methodology (RSM) is a widely used mathematical and statistical technique for modeling and optimizing the process for the extraction of bioactive compounds. This review explains the optimization approach through the use of experimental design and empirical models for response prediction and the utilization of the desirability function for multiple response optimization. This paper also reviews recent studies on the application of RSM to optimize bioactive compound extraction processes such as conventional solvent extraction, microwave‐assisted extraction, supercritical fluid extraction, and ultrasound‐assisted extraction. Finally, the challenges associated with the use of RSM and the efforts made to improve RSM in the extraction process are also highlighted. Overall, this review informs many aspects of RSM that are occasionally ignored or insufficiently discussed with regard to the optimization of bioactive compound extraction processes, and it summarizes significant applications where RSM proved suitable. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.</jats:p>

<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>BACKGROUND</jats:title><jats:p>In this study, a new crosslinking agent (CA) containing whey protein, papin, glycerin, and epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), was prepared. The effects of CA content (0, 10, 20, 30, and 40%, v/v) on food packaging properties, crystallinity, microstructure, and antioxidant properties of pectin‐CA and chitosan‐CA composite films were analyzed. The results of this research offer a theoretical basis for engineering improved films for food packing.</jats:p></jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>RESULTS</jats:title><jats:p>Pectin‐CA (30%) and chitosan‐CA (40%) composite films showed the best light transmission, water retention, breathability, plasticity, and antioxidant activity. Scanning electron microscopy revealed that these composite films exhibited a uniform and homogeneous structure without obvious pores. Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) indicated that the amino acids and EGCG in CA were bonded to the film substrate (pectin/chitosan) via electrostatic interactions, hydrogen bonding, and covalent bonding, which led to an improvement in the film's properties.</jats:p></jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>CONCLUSION</jats:title><jats:p>The CA has broad application prospects in food packaging as a cross‐linking agent and antioxidant. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.</jats:p></jats:sec>

<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>BACKGROUND</jats:title><jats:p>Antioxidants are chemicals used to protect foods from deterioration by neutralizing free radicals and inhibiting the oxidative process. One approach to investigate the antioxidant activity is to develop quantitative structure–activity relationships (QSARs).</jats:p></jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>RESULTS</jats:title><jats:p>A curated database of 165 structurally heterogeneous phenolic compounds with the Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC) was developed. Molecular geometries were optimized by means of the GFN2‐xTB semiempirical method and diverse molecular descriptors were obtained afterwards. For model development, V‐WSP unsupervised variable reduction was used before performing the genetic algorithms–variable subset selection (GAs‐VSS) to construct the best five‐descriptor multiple linear regression model. The coefficient of determination and the root mean square error were used to measure the performance in calibration (<jats:italic>R</jats:italic><jats:sup>2</jats:sup> = 0.789 and RMSEC = 0.381), and test set prediction (<jats:italic>Q</jats:italic><jats:sup>2</jats:sup> = 0.748 and RMSEP = 0.416), along several cross‐validation criteria. To thoroughly understand the TEAC prediction, a fully explained mechanism of action of the descriptors is provided. In addition, the applicability domain of the model defined a theoretical chemical space for reliable predictions of new phenolic compounds.</jats:p></jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>CONCLUSION</jats:title><jats:p>This <jats:italic>in silico</jats:italic> model conforms to the five principles stated by the Organisation for Economic Co‐operation and Development. The model might be useful for virtual screening of the antioxidant chemical space and for identifying the most potent molecules related to an experimental measurement of TEAC activity. In addition, the model could assist chemists working on computer‐aided drug design for the synthesis of new targets with improved activity and potential uses in food science. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.</jats:p></jats:sec>

<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background</jats:title><jats:p>Hot air drying is a popular method for preserving the production of jackfruits, but heat treatment damages their nutritional qualities. Cold plasma is one of the pretreatment methods to prevent quality attributes of fruits before drying. In the present work, we studied the effect of dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) plasma on the drying characteristics, microstructure, and bioactive compounds of jackfruit slices with different pretreatment times (15, 30, 45, and 60 s), followed by hot air drying at 50, 60, and 70 °C. A homemade DBD device was operated via three neon transformers.</jats:p></jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results</jats:title><jats:p>Optical emission spectrophotometry revealed the emitted spectra of the reactive species in DBD plasma, including the N<jats:sub>2</jats:sub> second positive system, N<jats:sub>2</jats:sub> first negative system, nitrogen ion, and hydroxyl radical. The results showed that the DBD plasma promoted moisture transfer and enhanced the drying rate, related to the changes in the surface microstructure of samples damaged by DBD plasma. The modified Overhults model was recommended for describing the drying characteristics of jackfruit slices. The contents of ascorbic acid, total phenolics, total flavonoids, total polysaccharides, and antioxidant activity in pretreated jackfruit slices were improved by 9.64, 42.59, 25.77, 27.00, and 23.13%, respectively. However, the levels of color and carotenoids were reduced.</jats:p></jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion</jats:title><jats:p>Thus, the bioactive compounds in dried jackfruit slices can be improved using the DBD plasma technique as a potential pretreatment method for the drying process.</jats:p><jats:p>This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.</jats:p></jats:sec>