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The increasing volume of information in the contemporary world entails demand for efficient knowledge management (KM) systems; a logical method of information organization that will allow proper semantic querying to identify things that match meaning in natural language. On this concept, the role of an information manager goes beyond implementing a search and clustering system, to the ability to map and logically present the subject domain and related cross domains. From Knowledge Abstraction to Management answers this need by analysing ontology tools and techniques, helping the reader develop a conceptual framework from the digital library perspective. Beginning with the concept of knowledge abstraction, before discussing the Solecistic versus the Semantic Web, the book goes on to consider knowledge organisation, the development of conceptual frameworks, untying conceptual tangles, and the concept of faceted knowledge representation.

• Offers a semantic solution to knowledge and information managers
• Demonstrates the development of a system for semantic knowledge organization and retrieval
• Relevant to those without much coding experience

This book outlines the background and overall vision for the Internet of Things (IoT) and Machine-to-Machine (M2M) communications and services, including major standards. Key technologies are described, and include everything from physical instrumentation of devices to the cloud infrastructures used to collect data. Also included is how to derive information and knowledge, and how to integrate it into enterprise processes, as well as system architectures and regulatory requirements. Real-world service use case studies provide the hands-on knowledge needed to successfully develop and implement M2M and IoT technologies sustainably and profitably. Finally, the future vision for M2M technologies is described, including prospective changes in relevant standards. This book is written by experts in the technology and business aspects of Machine-to-Machine and Internet of Things, and who have experience in implementing solutions.

• Standards included: ETSI M2M, IEEE 802.15.4, 3GPP (GPRS, 3G, 4G), Bluetooth Low Energy/Smart, IETF 6LoWPAN, IETF CoAP, IETF RPL, Power Line Communication, Open Geospatial Consortium (OGC) Sensor Web Enablement (SWE), ZigBee, 802.11, Broadband Forum TR-069, Open Mobile Alliance (OMA) Device Management (DM), ISA100.11a, WirelessHART, M-BUS, Wireless M-BUS, KNX, RFID, Object Management Group (OMG) Business Process Modelling Notation (BPMN)
• Key technologies for M2M and IoT covered: Embedded systems hardware and software, devices and gateways, capillary and M2M area networks, local and wide area networking, M2M Service Enablement, IoT data management and data warehousing, data analytics and big data, complex event processing and stream analytics, knowledge discovery and management, business process and enterprise integration, Software as a Service and cloud computing
• Combines both technical explanations together with design features of M2M/IoT and use cases. Together, these descriptions will assist you to develop solutions that will work in the real world
• Detailed description of the network architectures and technologies that form the basis of M2M and IoT
• Clear guidelines and examples of M2M and IoT use cases from real-world implementations such as Smart Grid, Smart Buildings, Smart Cities, Participatory Sensing, and Industrial Automation
• A description of the vision for M2M and its evolution towards IoT

An understanding of the nervous system at virtually any level of analysis requires an understanding of its basic building block, the neuron. The third edition of From Molecules to Networks provides the solid foundation of the morphological, biochemical, and biophysical properties of nerve cells. In keeping with previous editions, the unique content focus on cellular and molecular neurobiology and related computational neuroscience is maintained and enhanced.

All chapters have been thoroughly revised for this third edition to reflect the significant advances of the past five years. The new edition expands on the network aspects of cellular neurobiology by adding new coverage of specific research methods (e.g., patch-clamp electrophysiology, including applications for ion channel function and transmitter release; ligand binding; structural methods such as x-ray crystallography).

Written and edited by leading experts in the field, the third edition completely and comprehensively updates all chapters of this unique textbook and insures that all references to primary research represent the latest results.

• The first treatment of cellular and molecular neuroscience that includes an introduction to mathematical modeling and simulation approaches
• 80% updated and new content
• New Chapter on "Biophysics of Voltage-Gated Ion Channels"
• New Chapter on "Synaptic Plasticity"
• Includes a chapter on the Neurobiology of Disease
• Highly referenced, comprehensive and quantitative
• Full color, professional graphics throughout
• All graphics are available in electronic version for teaching purposes

With the appearance of methods for the sequencing of genomes and less expensive next generation sequencing methods, we face rapid advancements of the -omics technologies and plant biology studies: reverse and forward genetics, functional genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, metabolomics, the movement at distance of effectors and structural biology. From plant genomics to plant biotechnology reviews the recent advancements in the post-genomic era, discussing how different varieties respond to abiotic and biotic stresses, understanding the epigenetic control and epigenetic memory, the roles of non-coding RNAs, applicative uses of RNA silencing and RNA interference in plant physiology and in experimental transgenics and plants modified to specific aims. In the forthcoming years these advancements will support the production of plant varieties better suited to resist biotic and abiotic stresses, for food and non-food applications.

This book covers these issues, showing how such technologies are influencing the plant field in sectors such as the selection of plant varieties and plant breeding, selection of optimum agronomic traits, stress-resistant varieties, improvement of plant fitness, improving crop yield, and non-food applications in the knowledge based bio-economy.

• Discusses a broad range of applications: the examples originate from a variety of sectors (including in field studies, breeding, RNA regulation, pharmaceuticals and biotech) and a variety of scientific areas (such as bioinformatics, -omics sciences, epigenetics, and the agro-industry)
• Provides a unique perspective on work normally performed 'behind closed doors'. As such, it presents an opportunity for those within the field to learn from each other, and for those on the 'outside' to see how different groups have approached key problems
• Highlights the criteria used to compare and assess different approaches to solving problems. Shows the thinking process, practical limitations and any other considerations, aiding in the understanding of a deeper approach

Usually all attempts to characterize the microbial diversity in wine fermentations have employed standard methods of enrichment and isolation to cultivate various microbial constituents before taxonomic identification. This estimation of microbial diversity, in addition to being time-consuming, is often problematic since many microorganisms may not grow on standard laboratory media. Moreover culture-independent molecular methods allow more rapid profiling of complex populations, or quantification of targeted species, thereby enhancing the information available to the winemaker. The aim of the present study is to describe the yeast and lactic acid bacteria communities found in the vineyard, the winery and the wine, using culture-dependent and culture independent molecular methods. Samples came from botrytized Picolit grapes during 2013 vintage in Corno di Rosazzo, Friuli Venezia Giulia Region, Italy. On this work, the DNA extracted directly from the must and wine (culture-independent technique) was analyzed by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE), as well as the DNA extracted from isolated colonies that came from the vineyard and winery samples (culture-dependent technique). Both types of DNAs were specifically amplified by PCR using particular groups of universal primers depending on the nature of the sample (bacteria, Saccharomyces or non-Saccharomyces yeasts). Saccharomyces sensu stricto yeasts were amplified with ShafGC and Shar specific primers. This yeast was found in the Winery and in the Picolit wine. The DGGE study showed that all samples corresponded to the Saccharomyces cerevisiae species, being identical to the commercial yeast used as a starter. Non-Saccharomyces 26S ribosomal rDNA genes were amplified by Nested PCR using the primers NL1-NL4 for step 1 and NL1GC-LS2 for step 2. In the vineyard, the DGGE analysis allowed the identification of several yeasts like Kloeckera sp., Metchnikowia sp., Pichia sp., Hansenula sp. and Schizosaccharomyces sp. Other than Saccharomyces cerevisiae, no other yeast was found in the wine, indicating the starter’s ability to reduce the variability of the yeasts during the fermentation process. Brettanomyces sp. and Candida sp. were absent in the yeast analyzed. Samples that didn't correspond to a reference strain used were sequenced allowing the identification of Torulaspora delbrueckii and Debaryomyces hansenii. Finally, bacteria samples were analyzed by employing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplified with 338fGC and P4V3 primers. Several microorganisms were found in the vineyard and the winery but only the strains of Lactobacillus casei/ Lactobacillus paracasei and Leuconostoc mesenteroides were found in the Picolit wine, indicating the selection due to the yeast fermentation process. Only 2 samples of the vineyard and one contact plate of the cellar were identified as Oenococcus oeni. Samples that didn't correspond to a reference strain used were sequenced allowing the identification of Lactobacillus hilgardii, Lactobacillus mali, Pediococcus parvulus. In this work we demonstrate that PCR-DGGE is a viable alternative to standard plating methods for a qualitative assessment of the microbial constituents from de vineyard to the wine.