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The use of 3D CRT treatment planning and treatment has had a major impact on the practice of radiation therapy. There are very few tumor types whose treatment has not been radically impacted by its use. For the most part this impact has been of major importance and benefit. But as with any major technical advance, the requirements for its use have had a major impact on the requirement for enhanced quality assurance from all members of the treatment team. If one carefully reads the previous sections related to the quality-assurance demands made on the entire treatment team, it is obvious that a great deal more time is required from all involved in the quest to achieve precise and increased dose to the tumor PTV, and to minimize the dose to the normal organs at risk PRV.

The use of 3D CRT treatment planning and treatment has had a major impact on the practice of radiation therapy. There are very few tumor types whose treatment has not been radically impacted by its use. For the most part this impact has been of major importance and benefit. But as with any major technical advance, the requirements for its use have had a major impact on the requirement for enhanced quality assurance from all members of the treatment team. If one carefully reads the previous sections related to the quality-assurance demands made on the entire treatment team, it is obvious that a great deal more time is required from all involved in the quest to achieve precise and increased dose to the tumor PTV, and to minimize the dose to the normal organs at risk PRV.

The preceding discussion has been a brief overview of the varied ways in which chemotherapy and radiotherapy can be combined in treating patients with cancer. The practice of chemoirradiation is truly multidisciplinary and, as knowledge in the field expands, should play an increasing role in the control of neoplasms. As molecular biology brings us new targeted therapies, it is hoped that existing treatment regimens can be improved, in terms of both survival and ameliorating acute and late toxicity of therapy.

Stereotactic radiosurgery and radiotherapy are two valuable and increasingly applied techniques combining sophisticated brain or body imaging with stereotactic guidance and computer treatment planning for precise radiation treatment programs given either as a single large, small number of moderately large, or multiple conventional size doses with maximal sparing of adjacent normal tissues. Several devices and treatment schedules have been tested and reported on in the literature, substantiating the validity of these approaches. They have substantially increased our knowledge of tumor response and normal tissue tolerance in a very quantitative sense, and have provided useful alternative and complimentary treatments for a number of conditions. Further progress is eagerly anticipated in combining these techniques with other targeted therapies to enhance our increasingly sophisticated anti-cancer armamentarium.

The use of 3D CRT treatment planning and treatment has had a major impact on the practice of radiation therapy. There are very few tumor types whose treatment has not been radically impacted by its use. For the most part this impact has been of major importance and benefit. But as with any major technical advance, the requirements for its use have had a major impact on the requirement for enhanced quality assurance from all members of the treatment team. If one carefully reads the previous sections related to the quality-assurance demands made on the entire treatment team, it is obvious that a great deal more time is required from all involved in the quest to achieve precise and increased dose to the tumor PTV, and to minimize the dose to the normal organs at risk PRV.

The use of 3D CRT treatment planning and treatment has had a major impact on the practice of radiation therapy. There are very few tumor types whose treatment has not been radically impacted by its use. For the most part this impact has been of major importance and benefit. But as with any major technical advance, the requirements for its use have had a major impact on the requirement for enhanced quality assurance from all members of the treatment team. If one carefully reads the previous sections related to the quality-assurance demands made on the entire treatment team, it is obvious that a great deal more time is required from all involved in the quest to achieve precise and increased dose to the tumor PTV, and to minimize the dose to the normal organs at risk PRV.

Risk for the onset of an alcohol use disorder (AUD) peaks during adolescence and the transition to young adulthood, highlighting the public health significance of alcohol use by adolescents. This chapter summarizes recent research on the diagnosis, course, and assessment of adolescent AUDs. This review focuses on developmental considerations in assessment of AUD criteria, the prevalence of DSM-IV AUDs among adolescents, typical alcohol symptom profiles in youth, and limitations of DSM-IV AUD criteria when applied to adolescents. In addition, studies of AUD course in adolescents, as well as factors influencing the course of AUDs are summarized. The chapter also provides an overview of brief alcohol screening instruments and other measures used in more comprehensive assessment of AUDs in adolescents.

The use of 3D CRT treatment planning and treatment has had a major impact on the practice of radiation therapy. There are very few tumor types whose treatment has not been radically impacted by its use. For the most part this impact has been of major importance and benefit. But as with any major technical advance, the requirements for its use have had a major impact on the requirement for enhanced quality assurance from all members of the treatment team. If one carefully reads the previous sections related to the quality-assurance demands made on the entire treatment team, it is obvious that a great deal more time is required from all involved in the quest to achieve precise and increased dose to the tumor PTV, and to minimize the dose to the normal organs at risk PRV.

The use of 3D CRT treatment planning and treatment has had a major impact on the practice of radiation therapy. There are very few tumor types whose treatment has not been radically impacted by its use. For the most part this impact has been of major importance and benefit. But as with any major technical advance, the requirements for its use have had a major impact on the requirement for enhanced quality assurance from all members of the treatment team. If one carefully reads the previous sections related to the quality-assurance demands made on the entire treatment team, it is obvious that a great deal more time is required from all involved in the quest to achieve precise and increased dose to the tumor PTV, and to minimize the dose to the normal organs at risk PRV.

Treatment for STS requires individual tailoring of the approach because of the wide variety of clinical situations that can arise from a tumor that involves a variety of anatomic sites with a range of histologies of variable grade and size. Nevertheless, the following suggestions can serve as useful guides. Surgery is always indicated, but the use of adjuvant therapy can vary according to the anatomic site, size, and histological grade.