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Multi-slice and Dual-source CT in Cardiac Imaging: Principles: Protocols: Indications: Outlook

Bernd M. Ohnesorge Thomas G. Flohr Christoph R. Becker Andreas Knez Maximilian F. Reiser

Second Edition.

Resumen/Descripción – provisto por la editorial

No disponible.

Palabras clave – provistas por la editorial

Imaging / Radiology; Cardiology

Disponibilidad
Institución detectada Año de publicación Navegá Descargá Solicitá
No detectada 2007 SpringerLink

Información

Tipo de recurso:

libros

ISBN impreso

978-3-540-25523-9

ISBN electrónico

978-3-540-49546-8

Editor responsable

Springer Nature

País de edición

Reino Unido

Fecha de publicación

Información sobre derechos de publicación

© Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2007

Tabla de contenidos

Introduction

Bernd Ohnesorge

Multi-slice CT is a continuously evolving technology that is increasingly used for cardiovascular applications, in particular to assess the coronary arteries and CABGs. A comprehensive work-up of these patients, however, also includes assessment of the cardiac valves. Some of the important information about the valves can also be obtained from the same multi-slice CT scan obtained during imaging of the coronary arteries or CABGs, obviating the need of an additional scan.

Since the velocity of the blood and thus the pressure gradient along the aortic and mitral valve cannot be determined from multi-slice CT imaging, information provided by this approach about the cardiac valves is mostly restricted to morphological diagnosis. For example, multi-slice CT is particularly valuable for monitoring aortic valve calcium in patients on lipid-lowering therapy. Due to the radiation exposure inherent with the technique, however, the indications for repetitive multi-slice CT scans need to be restricted to patients who cannot be assessed thoroughly with echocardiography or MRI. Accurate quantification of aortic valve area, early detection of perivalvular abscess formation, and diagnosis of residual systolic anterior movement of the mitral valve and tendinous cords in patients with hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy after percutaneous transluminal septal myocardial ablation may become other diagnostic niches of multi-slice CT in cardiac imaging.

- Invasive coronary imaging | Pp. 1-22

Cardiac and Cardiothoracic Anatomy in CT

Roman Fischbach

In the last few years, multi-slice CT has become an alternative to catheter angiography. CTA is now the method of choice for detecting coronary arteries anomalies, fistulas, and aneurysms due to the 3D capability of this technique. Moreover, it is noninvasive, reproducible, and operator-independent. Especially in complex anomalies, if catheter angiography is not possible, multi-slice CT can accurately depict the anatomy of the heart and vessels. In contrast to catheter angiography, the thrombotic portion of aneurysms can be visualized with multislice CT. The new generation of CT scanners, with up to 64 slices, may improve image quality and resolution due to the smaller slice thickness and shorter breath-hold time. However, the ability of multi-slice CT to detect dissection and vasculitis of coronary arteries remains to be proven in future studies.

- Coronary anatomy | Pp. 23-39

Multi-slice CT Technology

Thomas Flohr; Bernd Ohnesorge

In the last few years, multi-slice CT has become an alternative to catheter angiography. CTA is now the method of choice for detecting coronary arteries anomalies, fistulas, and aneurysms due to the 3D capability of this technique. Moreover, it is noninvasive, reproducible, and operator-independent. Especially in complex anomalies, if catheter angiography is not possible, multi-slice CT can accurately depict the anatomy of the heart and vessels. In contrast to catheter angiography, the thrombotic portion of aneurysms can be visualized with multislice CT. The new generation of CT scanners, with up to 64 slices, may improve image quality and resolution due to the smaller slice thickness and shorter breath-hold time. However, the ability of multi-slice CT to detect dissection and vasculitis of coronary arteries remains to be proven in future studies.

- Technical aspects of cardiovascular and cardiac diagnosis with CT | Pp. 41-69

Principles of Multi-slice Cardiac CT Imaging

Bernd Ohnesorge; Thomas Flohr

In the last few years, multi-slice CT has become an alternative to catheter angiography. CTA is now the method of choice for detecting coronary arteries anomalies, fistulas, and aneurysms due to the 3D capability of this technique. Moreover, it is noninvasive, reproducible, and operator-independent. Especially in complex anomalies, if catheter angiography is not possible, multi-slice CT can accurately depict the anatomy of the heart and vessels. In contrast to catheter angiography, the thrombotic portion of aneurysms can be visualized with multislice CT. The new generation of CT scanners, with up to 64 slices, may improve image quality and resolution due to the smaller slice thickness and shorter breath-hold time. However, the ability of multi-slice CT to detect dissection and vasculitis of coronary arteries remains to be proven in future studies.

- Technical Aspects and Applications of Fast Multislice Cardiac CT | Pp. 71-126

Clinical Examination Protocols with 4- to 64-Slice CT

Bernd Ohnesorge

In the last few years, multi-slice CT has become an alternative to catheter angiography. CTA is now the method of choice for detecting coronary arteries anomalies, fistulas, and aneurysms due to the 3D capability of this technique. Moreover, it is noninvasive, reproducible, and operator-independent. Especially in complex anomalies, if catheter angiography is not possible, multi-slice CT can accurately depict the anatomy of the heart and vessels. In contrast to catheter angiography, the thrombotic portion of aneurysms can be visualized with multislice CT. The new generation of CT scanners, with up to 64 slices, may improve image quality and resolution due to the smaller slice thickness and shorter breath-hold time. However, the ability of multi-slice CT to detect dissection and vasculitis of coronary arteries remains to be proven in future studies.

- Clinical Examination Protocols with 4- to 64-Slice CT | Pp. 127-150

Image Visualization and Post-processing Techniques

Thomas Flohr; Bernd Ohnesorge

In the last few years, multi-slice CT has become an alternative to catheter angiography. CTA is now the method of choice for detecting coronary arteries anomalies, fistulas, and aneurysms due to the 3D capability of this technique. Moreover, it is noninvasive, reproducible, and operator-independent. Especially in complex anomalies, if catheter angiography is not possible, multi-slice CT can accurately depict the anatomy of the heart and vessels. In contrast to catheter angiography, the thrombotic portion of aneurysms can be visualized with multislice CT. The new generation of CT scanners, with up to 64 slices, may improve image quality and resolution due to the smaller slice thickness and shorter breath-hold time. However, the ability of multi-slice CT to detect dissection and vasculitis of coronary arteries remains to be proven in future studies.

- Computed tomography of the coronary arteries | Pp. 151-177

Current and Future Clinical Potential

C. Becker; A. Knez

In the last few years, multi-slice CT has become an alternative to catheter angiography. CTA is now the method of choice for detecting coronary arteries anomalies, fistulas, and aneurysms due to the 3D capability of this technique. Moreover, it is noninvasive, reproducible, and operator-independent. Especially in complex anomalies, if catheter angiography is not possible, multi-slice CT can accurately depict the anatomy of the heart and vessels. In contrast to catheter angiography, the thrombotic portion of aneurysms can be visualized with multislice CT. The new generation of CT scanners, with up to 64 slices, may improve image quality and resolution due to the smaller slice thickness and shorter breath-hold time. However, the ability of multi-slice CT to detect dissection and vasculitis of coronary arteries remains to be proven in future studies.

7 - Clinical Indications | Pp. 179-191

Risk Assessment with Coronary Artery Calcium Screening

R. Fischbach

Boolean network is one of the commonly used methods for building gene regulatory networks from time series microarray data. However, it has a major drawback that requires heavy computing times to infer large scale gene networks. This paper proposes a variable selection method to reduce Boolean network computing times using the chi-square statistics for testing independence in two way contingency tables. We compare the computing times and the accuracy of the estimated network structure by the proposed method with those of the original Boolean network method. For the comparative studies, we use simulated data and a real yeast cell-cycle gene expression data (Spellman , 1998). The comparative results show that the proposed variable selection method improves the computing time of Boolean network algorithm. We expect the proposed variable selection method to be more efficient for the large scale gene regulatory network studies.

7 - Clinical Indications | Pp. 192-204

Detection and Exclusion of Coronary Artery Stenosis

K. Nieman; N. Mollet; F. Cademartiri; P. De Feyter

Multi-slice CT is a continuously evolving technology that is increasingly used for cardiovascular applications, in particular to assess the coronary arteries and CABGs. A comprehensive work-up of these patients, however, also includes assessment of the cardiac valves. Some of the important information about the valves can also be obtained from the same multi-slice CT scan obtained during imaging of the coronary arteries or CABGs, obviating the need of an additional scan.

Since the velocity of the blood and thus the pressure gradient along the aortic and mitral valve cannot be determined from multi-slice CT imaging, information provided by this approach about the cardiac valves is mostly restricted to morphological diagnosis. For example, multi-slice CT is particularly valuable for monitoring aortic valve calcium in patients on lipid-lowering therapy. Due to the radiation exposure inherent with the technique, however, the indications for repetitive multi-slice CT scans need to be restricted to patients who cannot be assessed thoroughly with echocardiography or MRI. Accurate quantification of aortic valve area, early detection of perivalvular abscess formation, and diagnosis of residual systolic anterior movement of the mitral valve and tendinous cords in patients with hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy after percutaneous transluminal septal myocardial ablation may become other diagnostic niches of multi-slice CT in cardiac imaging.

7 - Clinical Indications | Pp. 205-213

Assessment and Interpretation of Atherosclerotic Coronary Plaques

S. Achenbach

Multi-slice CT is a continuously evolving technology that is increasingly used for cardiovascular applications, in particular to assess the coronary arteries and CABGs. A comprehensive work-up of these patients, however, also includes assessment of the cardiac valves. Some of the important information about the valves can also be obtained from the same multi-slice CT scan obtained during imaging of the coronary arteries or CABGs, obviating the need of an additional scan.

Since the velocity of the blood and thus the pressure gradient along the aortic and mitral valve cannot be determined from multi-slice CT imaging, information provided by this approach about the cardiac valves is mostly restricted to morphological diagnosis. For example, multi-slice CT is particularly valuable for monitoring aortic valve calcium in patients on lipid-lowering therapy. Due to the radiation exposure inherent with the technique, however, the indications for repetitive multi-slice CT scans need to be restricted to patients who cannot be assessed thoroughly with echocardiography or MRI. Accurate quantification of aortic valve area, early detection of perivalvular abscess formation, and diagnosis of residual systolic anterior movement of the mitral valve and tendinous cords in patients with hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy after percutaneous transluminal septal myocardial ablation may become other diagnostic niches of multi-slice CT in cardiac imaging.

7 - Clinical Indications | Pp. 214-223