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Perennial or rarely annual or hapaxanthic herbs to (sub) shrubs, rarely aquatics, treelike, epiphytic or scandent, with ± succulent leaves, sometimes with succulent stems, rhizomes, underground caudices or succulent roots; indumentum of uni- or multicellular, often glandular hairs, or plants glabrous. Leaves (sub) sessile or rarely petiolate, usually alternate and spiral, or opposite-decussate or rarely whorled, frequently aggregated into rosettes, simple, rarely compound, usually entire or crenate to lobed, rarely dissected, estipulate. Inflorescences usually terminal, bracteate, usually many-flowered, basically thyrsoids, also pleio-, di-or monochasia (cincinni) or rarely true panicles, racemes or spikes. Flowers hermaphrodite, rarely unisexual, actinomorphic or very rarely zygomorphic, usually proterandrous, (3-)5(-32)- merous; sepals free or connate at base, sometimes distinctly unequal in size; petals free or connate to a short to long corolla tube; stamens as many as or usually twice as many as petals; filaments free or ± connate with a tubular corolla; anthers basifixed in basal pit, 4-sporangiate, 2-locular at anthesis, dehiscence latrorse or slightly introrse by longitudinal slits; ovary usually ± superior to semi-inferior; carpels as many as petals, usually free or almost so, sessile or sometimes stipitate, tapering gradually to abruptly into short to long, erect to divergent stylodia, basally with a small to conspicuous dorsal nectary scale; stigma small, (sub) apical, often poorly differentiated; ovulesusually many, rarely few to one, anatropous, crassi-or tenuinucellate, bitegmic, on parietal to marginal placentae. Fruits usually follicles, and usually ± completely dehiscent along the ventral suture, rarely few-seeded, indehiscent and nutlike; seeds smallish, usually 0.5–1 mm long,elongate-fusiform, longitudinally ridged (costate) or papillate (uni-or rarely multipapillate), rarely (nearly) smooth, usually brownish; embryo small, straight; endosperm cellular, scanty.

Perennial or rarely annual or hapaxanthic herbs to (sub) shrubs, rarely aquatics, treelike, epiphytic or scandent, with ± succulent leaves, sometimes with succulent stems, rhizomes, underground caudices or succulent roots; indumentum of uni- or multicellular, often glandular hairs, or plants glabrous. Leaves (sub) sessile or rarely petiolate, usually alternate and spiral, or opposite-decussate or rarely whorled, frequently aggregated into rosettes, simple, rarely compound, usually entire or crenate to lobed, rarely dissected, estipulate. Inflorescences usually terminal, bracteate, usually many-flowered, basically thyrsoids, also pleio-, di-or monochasia (cincinni) or rarely true panicles, racemes or spikes. Flowers hermaphrodite, rarely unisexual, actinomorphic or very rarely zygomorphic, usually proterandrous, (3-)5(-32)- merous; sepals free or connate at base, sometimes distinctly unequal in size; petals free or connate to a short to long corolla tube; stamens as many as or usually twice as many as petals; filaments free or ± connate with a tubular corolla; anthers basifixed in basal pit, 4-sporangiate, 2-locular at anthesis, dehiscence latrorse or slightly introrse by longitudinal slits; ovary usually ± superior to semi-inferior; carpels as many as petals, usually free or almost so, sessile or sometimes stipitate, tapering gradually to abruptly into short to long, erect to divergent stylodia, basally with a small to conspicuous dorsal nectary scale; stigma small, (sub) apical, often poorly differentiated; ovulesusually many, rarely few to one, anatropous, crassi-or tenuinucellate, bitegmic, on parietal to marginal placentae. Fruits usually follicles, and usually ± completely dehiscent along the ventral suture, rarely few-seeded, indehiscent and nutlike; seeds smallish, usually 0.5–1 mm long,elongate-fusiform, longitudinally ridged (costate) or papillate (uni-or rarely multipapillate), rarely (nearly) smooth, usually brownish; embryo small, straight; endosperm cellular, scanty.

Perennial or rarely annual or hapaxanthic herbs to (sub) shrubs, rarely aquatics, treelike, epiphytic or scandent, with ± succulent leaves, sometimes with succulent stems, rhizomes, underground caudices or succulent roots; indumentum of uni- or multicellular, often glandular hairs, or plants glabrous. Leaves (sub) sessile or rarely petiolate, usually alternate and spiral, or opposite-decussate or rarely whorled, frequently aggregated into rosettes, simple, rarely compound, usually entire or crenate to lobed, rarely dissected, estipulate. Inflorescences usually terminal, bracteate, usually many-flowered, basically thyrsoids, also pleio-, di-or monochasia (cincinni) or rarely true panicles, racemes or spikes. Flowers hermaphrodite, rarely unisexual, actinomorphic or very rarely zygomorphic, usually proterandrous, (3-)5(-32)- merous; sepals free or connate at base, sometimes distinctly unequal in size; petals free or connate to a short to long corolla tube; stamens as many as or usually twice as many as petals; filaments free or ± connate with a tubular corolla; anthers basifixed in basal pit, 4-sporangiate, 2-locular at anthesis, dehiscence latrorse or slightly introrse by longitudinal slits; ovary usually ± superior to semi-inferior; carpels as many as petals, usually free or almost so, sessile or sometimes stipitate, tapering gradually to abruptly into short to long, erect to divergent stylodia, basally with a small to conspicuous dorsal nectary scale; stigma small, (sub) apical, often poorly differentiated; ovulesusually many, rarely few to one, anatropous, crassi-or tenuinucellate, bitegmic, on parietal to marginal placentae. Fruits usually follicles, and usually ± completely dehiscent along the ventral suture, rarely few-seeded, indehiscent and nutlike; seeds smallish, usually 0.5–1 mm long,elongate-fusiform, longitudinally ridged (costate) or papillate (uni-or rarely multipapillate), rarely (nearly) smooth, usually brownish; embryo small, straight; endosperm cellular, scanty.

Perennial or rarely annual or hapaxanthic herbs to (sub) shrubs, rarely aquatics, treelike, epiphytic or scandent, with ± succulent leaves, sometimes with succulent stems, rhizomes, underground caudices or succulent roots; indumentum of uni- or multicellular, often glandular hairs, or plants glabrous. Leaves (sub) sessile or rarely petiolate, usually alternate and spiral, or opposite-decussate or rarely whorled, frequently aggregated into rosettes, simple, rarely compound, usually entire or crenate to lobed, rarely dissected, estipulate. Inflorescences usually terminal, bracteate, usually many-flowered, basically thyrsoids, also pleio-, di-or monochasia (cincinni) or rarely true panicles, racemes or spikes. Flowers hermaphrodite, rarely unisexual, actinomorphic or very rarely zygomorphic, usually proterandrous, (3-)5(-32)- merous; sepals free or connate at base, sometimes distinctly unequal in size; petals free or connate to a short to long corolla tube; stamens as many as or usually twice as many as petals; filaments free or ± connate with a tubular corolla; anthers basifixed in basal pit, 4-sporangiate, 2-locular at anthesis, dehiscence latrorse or slightly introrse by longitudinal slits; ovary usually ± superior to semi-inferior; carpels as many as petals, usually free or almost so, sessile or sometimes stipitate, tapering gradually to abruptly into short to long, erect to divergent stylodia, basally with a small to conspicuous dorsal nectary scale; stigma small, (sub) apical, often poorly differentiated; ovulesusually many, rarely few to one, anatropous, crassi-or tenuinucellate, bitegmic, on parietal to marginal placentae. Fruits usually follicles, and usually ± completely dehiscent along the ventral suture, rarely few-seeded, indehiscent and nutlike; seeds smallish, usually 0.5–1 mm long,elongate-fusiform, longitudinally ridged (costate) or papillate (uni-or rarely multipapillate), rarely (nearly) smooth, usually brownish; embryo small, straight; endosperm cellular, scanty.

Perennial or rarely annual or hapaxanthic herbs to (sub) shrubs, rarely aquatics, treelike, epiphytic or scandent, with ± succulent leaves, sometimes with succulent stems, rhizomes, underground caudices or succulent roots; indumentum of uni- or multicellular, often glandular hairs, or plants glabrous. Leaves (sub) sessile or rarely petiolate, usually alternate and spiral, or opposite-decussate or rarely whorled, frequently aggregated into rosettes, simple, rarely compound, usually entire or crenate to lobed, rarely dissected, estipulate. Inflorescences usually terminal, bracteate, usually many-flowered, basically thyrsoids, also pleio-, di-or monochasia (cincinni) or rarely true panicles, racemes or spikes. Flowers hermaphrodite, rarely unisexual, actinomorphic or very rarely zygomorphic, usually proterandrous, (3-)5(-32)- merous; sepals free or connate at base, sometimes distinctly unequal in size; petals free or connate to a short to long corolla tube; stamens as many as or usually twice as many as petals; filaments free or ± connate with a tubular corolla; anthers basifixed in basal pit, 4-sporangiate, 2-locular at anthesis, dehiscence latrorse or slightly introrse by longitudinal slits; ovary usually ± superior to semi-inferior; carpels as many as petals, usually free or almost so, sessile or sometimes stipitate, tapering gradually to abruptly into short to long, erect to divergent stylodia, basally with a small to conspicuous dorsal nectary scale; stigma small, (sub) apical, often poorly differentiated; ovulesusually many, rarely few to one, anatropous, crassi-or tenuinucellate, bitegmic, on parietal to marginal placentae. Fruits usually follicles, and usually ± completely dehiscent along the ventral suture, rarely few-seeded, indehiscent and nutlike; seeds smallish, usually 0.5–1 mm long,elongate-fusiform, longitudinally ridged (costate) or papillate (uni-or rarely multipapillate), rarely (nearly) smooth, usually brownish; embryo small, straight; endosperm cellular, scanty.

Perennial or rarely annual or hapaxanthic herbs to (sub) shrubs, rarely aquatics, treelike, epiphytic or scandent, with ± succulent leaves, sometimes with succulent stems, rhizomes, underground caudices or succulent roots; indumentum of uni- or multicellular, often glandular hairs, or plants glabrous. Leaves (sub) sessile or rarely petiolate, usually alternate and spiral, or opposite-decussate or rarely whorled, frequently aggregated into rosettes, simple, rarely compound, usually entire or crenate to lobed, rarely dissected, estipulate. Inflorescences usually terminal, bracteate, usually many-flowered, basically thyrsoids, also pleio-, di-or monochasia (cincinni) or rarely true panicles, racemes or spikes. Flowers hermaphrodite, rarely unisexual, actinomorphic or very rarely zygomorphic, usually proterandrous, (3-)5(-32)- merous; sepals free or connate at base, sometimes distinctly unequal in size; petals free or connate to a short to long corolla tube; stamens as many as or usually twice as many as petals; filaments free or ± connate with a tubular corolla; anthers basifixed in basal pit, 4-sporangiate, 2-locular at anthesis, dehiscence latrorse or slightly introrse by longitudinal slits; ovary usually ± superior to semi-inferior; carpels as many as petals, usually free or almost so, sessile or sometimes stipitate, tapering gradually to abruptly into short to long, erect to divergent stylodia, basally with a small to conspicuous dorsal nectary scale; stigma small, (sub) apical, often poorly differentiated; ovulesusually many, rarely few to one, anatropous, crassi-or tenuinucellate, bitegmic, on parietal to marginal placentae. Fruits usually follicles, and usually ± completely dehiscent along the ventral suture, rarely few-seeded, indehiscent and nutlike; seeds smallish, usually 0.5–1 mm long,elongate-fusiform, longitudinally ridged (costate) or papillate (uni-or rarely multipapillate), rarely (nearly) smooth, usually brownish; embryo small, straight; endosperm cellular, scanty.

Perennial or rarely annual or hapaxanthic herbs to (sub) shrubs, rarely aquatics, treelike, epiphytic or scandent, with ± succulent leaves, sometimes with succulent stems, rhizomes, underground caudices or succulent roots; indumentum of uni- or multicellular, often glandular hairs, or plants glabrous. Leaves (sub) sessile or rarely petiolate, usually alternate and spiral, or opposite-decussate or rarely whorled, frequently aggregated into rosettes, simple, rarely compound, usually entire or crenate to lobed, rarely dissected, estipulate. Inflorescences usually terminal, bracteate, usually many-flowered, basically thyrsoids, also pleio-, di-or monochasia (cincinni) or rarely true panicles, racemes or spikes. Flowers hermaphrodite, rarely unisexual, actinomorphic or very rarely zygomorphic, usually proterandrous, (3-)5(-32)- merous; sepals free or connate at base, sometimes distinctly unequal in size; petals free or connate to a short to long corolla tube; stamens as many as or usually twice as many as petals; filaments free or ± connate with a tubular corolla; anthers basifixed in basal pit, 4-sporangiate, 2-locular at anthesis, dehiscence latrorse or slightly introrse by longitudinal slits; ovary usually ± superior to semi-inferior; carpels as many as petals, usually free or almost so, sessile or sometimes stipitate, tapering gradually to abruptly into short to long, erect to divergent stylodia, basally with a small to conspicuous dorsal nectary scale; stigma small, (sub) apical, often poorly differentiated; ovulesusually many, rarely few to one, anatropous, crassi-or tenuinucellate, bitegmic, on parietal to marginal placentae. Fruits usually follicles, and usually ± completely dehiscent along the ventral suture, rarely few-seeded, indehiscent and nutlike; seeds smallish, usually 0.5–1 mm long,elongate-fusiform, longitudinally ridged (costate) or papillate (uni-or rarely multipapillate), rarely (nearly) smooth, usually brownish; embryo small, straight; endosperm cellular, scanty.

Perennial or rarely annual or hapaxanthic herbs to (sub) shrubs, rarely aquatics, treelike, epiphytic or scandent, with ± succulent leaves, sometimes with succulent stems, rhizomes, underground caudices or succulent roots; indumentum of uni- or multicellular, often glandular hairs, or plants glabrous. Leaves (sub) sessile or rarely petiolate, usually alternate and spiral, or opposite-decussate or rarely whorled, frequently aggregated into rosettes, simple, rarely compound, usually entire or crenate to lobed, rarely dissected, estipulate. Inflorescences usually terminal, bracteate, usually many-flowered, basically thyrsoids, also pleio-, di-or monochasia (cincinni) or rarely true panicles, racemes or spikes. Flowers hermaphrodite, rarely unisexual, actinomorphic or very rarely zygomorphic, usually proterandrous, (3-)5(-32)- merous; sepals free or connate at base, sometimes distinctly unequal in size; petals free or connate to a short to long corolla tube; stamens as many as or usually twice as many as petals; filaments free or ± connate with a tubular corolla; anthers basifixed in basal pit, 4-sporangiate, 2-locular at anthesis, dehiscence latrorse or slightly introrse by longitudinal slits; ovary usually ± superior to semi-inferior; carpels as many as petals, usually free or almost so, sessile or sometimes stipitate, tapering gradually to abruptly into short to long, erect to divergent stylodia, basally with a small to conspicuous dorsal nectary scale; stigma small, (sub) apical, often poorly differentiated; ovulesusually many, rarely few to one, anatropous, crassi-or tenuinucellate, bitegmic, on parietal to marginal placentae. Fruits usually follicles, and usually ± completely dehiscent along the ventral suture, rarely few-seeded, indehiscent and nutlike; seeds smallish, usually 0.5–1 mm long,elongate-fusiform, longitudinally ridged (costate) or papillate (uni-or rarely multipapillate), rarely (nearly) smooth, usually brownish; embryo small, straight; endosperm cellular, scanty.

Perennial or rarely annual or hapaxanthic herbs to (sub) shrubs, rarely aquatics, treelike, epiphytic or scandent, with ± succulent leaves, sometimes with succulent stems, rhizomes, underground caudices or succulent roots; indumentum of uni- or multicellular, often glandular hairs, or plants glabrous. Leaves (sub) sessile or rarely petiolate, usually alternate and spiral, or opposite-decussate or rarely whorled, frequently aggregated into rosettes, simple, rarely compound, usually entire or crenate to lobed, rarely dissected, estipulate. Inflorescences usually terminal, bracteate, usually many-flowered, basically thyrsoids, also pleio-, di-or monochasia (cincinni) or rarely true panicles, racemes or spikes. Flowers hermaphrodite, rarely unisexual, actinomorphic or very rarely zygomorphic, usually proterandrous, (3-)5(-32)- merous; sepals free or connate at base, sometimes distinctly unequal in size; petals free or connate to a short to long corolla tube; stamens as many as or usually twice as many as petals; filaments free or ± connate with a tubular corolla; anthers basifixed in basal pit, 4-sporangiate, 2-locular at anthesis, dehiscence latrorse or slightly introrse by longitudinal slits; ovary usually ± superior to semi-inferior; carpels as many as petals, usually free or almost so, sessile or sometimes stipitate, tapering gradually to abruptly into short to long, erect to divergent stylodia, basally with a small to conspicuous dorsal nectary scale; stigma small, (sub) apical, often poorly differentiated; ovulesusually many, rarely few to one, anatropous, crassi-or tenuinucellate, bitegmic, on parietal to marginal placentae. Fruits usually follicles, and usually ± completely dehiscent along the ventral suture, rarely few-seeded, indehiscent and nutlike; seeds smallish, usually 0.5–1 mm long,elongate-fusiform, longitudinally ridged (costate) or papillate (uni-or rarely multipapillate), rarely (nearly) smooth, usually brownish; embryo small, straight; endosperm cellular, scanty.

Perennial or rarely annual or hapaxanthic herbs to (sub) shrubs, rarely aquatics, treelike, epiphytic or scandent, with ± succulent leaves, sometimes with succulent stems, rhizomes, underground caudices or succulent roots; indumentum of uni- or multicellular, often glandular hairs, or plants glabrous. Leaves (sub) sessile or rarely petiolate, usually alternate and spiral, or opposite-decussate or rarely whorled, frequently aggregated into rosettes, simple, rarely compound, usually entire or crenate to lobed, rarely dissected, estipulate. Inflorescences usually terminal, bracteate, usually many-flowered, basically thyrsoids, also pleio-, di-or monochasia (cincinni) or rarely true panicles, racemes or spikes. Flowers hermaphrodite, rarely unisexual, actinomorphic or very rarely zygomorphic, usually proterandrous, (3-)5(-32)- merous; sepals free or connate at base, sometimes distinctly unequal in size; petals free or connate to a short to long corolla tube; stamens as many as or usually twice as many as petals; filaments free or ± connate with a tubular corolla; anthers basifixed in basal pit, 4-sporangiate, 2-locular at anthesis, dehiscence latrorse or slightly introrse by longitudinal slits; ovary usually ± superior to semi-inferior; carpels as many as petals, usually free or almost so, sessile or sometimes stipitate, tapering gradually to abruptly into short to long, erect to divergent stylodia, basally with a small to conspicuous dorsal nectary scale; stigma small, (sub) apical, often poorly differentiated; ovulesusually many, rarely few to one, anatropous, crassi-or tenuinucellate, bitegmic, on parietal to marginal placentae. Fruits usually follicles, and usually ± completely dehiscent along the ventral suture, rarely few-seeded, indehiscent and nutlike; seeds smallish, usually 0.5–1 mm long,elongate-fusiform, longitudinally ridged (costate) or papillate (uni-or rarely multipapillate), rarely (nearly) smooth, usually brownish; embryo small, straight; endosperm cellular, scanty.